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Understanding SpO2 Measurement Basics

SpO2 measures arterial oxygen saturation to detect hypoxemia, or low blood oxygen levels. It works by using light absorption to determine the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to reduced hemoglobin, which corresponds to a percentage saturation value. Normal SpO2 readings are 95-100%. The goal is to monitor arterial oxygen saturation non-invasively using pulse oximetry, which detects pulsating arterial blood by measuring light absorption at the tissue surface.

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14 views8 pages

Understanding SpO2 Measurement Basics

SpO2 measures arterial oxygen saturation to detect hypoxemia, or low blood oxygen levels. It works by using light absorption to determine the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to reduced hemoglobin, which corresponds to a percentage saturation value. Normal SpO2 readings are 95-100%. The goal is to monitor arterial oxygen saturation non-invasively using pulse oximetry, which detects pulsating arterial blood by measuring light absorption at the tissue surface.

Uploaded by

riddhi Suthar
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Why measures Spo2?

• To measure patient’s arterial oxygenation (SaO2) to detect


hypoxemia.
• Hypoxemia means lower than normal blood oxygenation.

• The arterial saturation plays an important role whether the body or


tissue is properly oxygenated.
• SaO2 measured by pulse oximetry is called as SpO2.
The principle of SpO2measurement
• The amount of red and infra-red light that passes through a finger, for example,
tells about the amount of oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb) and reduced
hemoglobin (RHb).
SpO2 % = O2Hb / (O2Hb + RHb)
• Maximum= 100% saturation,
indicating all Hb that can carry O2 is
in use
• Normal values: 95-100%
• The target is to monitor arterial oxygen saturation
• Arterial blood is “light red” and is pulsating
• Venous blood is “dark red” and ideally non-pulsatile
• Pulse oximetry is a technique to determine the pulsating blood’s
“color”. SpO2measures light absorption in tissue, generally by 2-
wavelengths spectrophotometry.
• The “blood’s color” is converted to arterial oxygen saturation via a
calibration function in the SpO2 algorithm.
Simplified representation of oxygen exchange
from the lungs to the blood.
Simplified representation of the loading and
unloading of a hemoglobin with oxygen
Comparison Study

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