Philippine Population
By:
Prof. Mayet Agustin
-Teaño
Definition of Terms
• Demography – scientific study of population, its
size, composition and changes
• Fertility –ability to produce offspring, indicates
the rate at which babies are born.
– Factors affecting fertility rates:
• Weather
• Environment
• Religion
• Societal norms about children and marriage
Definition of Terms
• Mortality –rate of death in population
– Factors affecting mortality rate
• Age of the population
• Women live longer than men
• Wealth
• Migration – movement to an area (immigration)
or movement out of an area ( emigration). This is
affected by:
– Push factors
– Pull factors
Malthusian Theory of Population Growth
• Thomas Robert Malthus claimed that because of
the strong attraction between the two sexes,
the population could multiply rapidly much
faster than the food supply. Most likely, famine
and overcrowding would cause widespread
suffering and diseases and death rate, which is
nature’s check on overpopulation….
Overview of Philippine
Population
Number of Male and Female
• Male : 39,379,000
• Female : 39,035,000
Overview
• As of 2005, the Philippines is home to 85 million
Filipinos. Considering the annual population
growth rate of 2.3%, the country’s population
might reach and even grow above 95 million in
as short as 5 years (Perez 2005). After another
20 years or so, this number might even reach
150 million.
Growth Rate
• The population grew at the rate of 2.36 percent
annually between 1995 and 2000. This is slightly
higher than the growth rate during the first half
of the nineties (2.32 percent). The average
annual growth rate during the entire nineties
was 2.34 percent, while in the eighties it was
2.35 percent.
Population Distribution
Population Distribution
• More than half (56.0 percent) of the Philippine
population reside in Luzon. The remainder is
almost equally distributed between Mindanao
(23.7 percent) and Visayas islands (20.3
percent).
Population Distribution
• Four out of ten persons reside in NCR, Central Luzon
and Southern Tagalog
• The top three regions in terms of population size are
Southern Tagalog - Region IV (11.8 million or 15.4% of
the total), National Capital Region (9.9 million or 13.0
%), and Central Luzon - Region III (8.0 million or 10.5
%). The combined population of these regions comprise
38.9 percent of the total populace.
Fastest Growing Region
• The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) is
the fastest growing region in terms of population with
an annual growth rate of 3.86 percent during 1995-
2000, followed by Southern Tagalog with 3.72 percent.
• Among the provinces, Rizal, Tawi-Tawi and Cavite
registered the highest growth rates at 5.79 percent,
5.53 percent, and 5.45 percent, respectively.
Population Density
• The NCR remains the most densely populated region with 15,617
persons occupying a sq. km. of land. This man-land ratio is 61
times the national figure of 255 persons per sq. km.
• The other five most densely populated regions are Central Luzon -
Region III with a population density of 441, Central Visayas -
Region VII with 381, Ilocos - Region I with 327, Western Visayas -
Region VI with 307, and Bicol - Region V with 265. CAR and
Cagayan Valley - Region II recorded the lowest population densities
with 95 and 105 persons per sq. km., respectively.
Average Household Size
• The average size of Filipino households declined
to 5.0 persons, from 5.07 persons in 1995. This
means that for every 100 households, the total
number of members was fewer by 7 persons in
2000 than it was in 1995.
Implications of Overpopulation
• Population and Natural Resources
– The alarming population growth affects the
quality of water, air, forests, and other
natural resources
• Population and Poverty
• increasing population and big family size
usually lead to poverty
Implications of Overpopulation
• Population and Health
– There is high incidence of diseases resulting
from poor and dirty environment
– The nutritional requirement of children are
very low
• Population and Waste Disposal
• Rapid population growth requires a
corresponding increase in the
demand of clean water supply
The Need for Family Planning
• “Since quantity is not quality, especially if one is poor”,
there should be a strong national policy on population.
Family planning should be equated with responsible
parenthood and family welfare.
• The government created the POPCOM
or Population Commission as
policy making and implementing body
of family planning programs
Family Planning Methods
• Artificial method
– Cervical Cap
The cervical cap is a small latex cup that
a woman inserts into her vagina before
sexual intercourse. The cervical cap fits
snugly over the woman's cervix. It is
smaller than the diaphragm and is used
with spermicidal cream or jelly. The
cervical cap works by blocking sperm
from entering the uterus.
Family Planning Methods
• Condoms
are thin barriers made of latex,
plastic, or natural membranes.
They look like long, thin,
deflated balloons. There are
both male and female condoms.
Both male and female condoms
work by preventing sperm from
entering the vagina and reaching
an egg.
Family Planning Methods
• Depo-Provera ("The Shot")
Provera is a shot that a woman gets 4
times a year (every 12 weeks) to
prevent pregnancy. It contains
medicine that is like progesterone - a
hormone that is naturally present in a
woman's body. The shot works mainly
by preventing the ovary from
releasing an egg.
Family Planning Methods
• The diaphragm
is a soft latex dome that a woman
inserts into her vagina before sexual
intercourse. It fits over her cervix
and is held in place by her vaginal
muscles. It always needs to be used
with spermicidal cream or jelly. The
diaphragm works by blocking the
opening to the uterus so that sperm
cannot enter.
Family Planning Methods
• Intrauterine Device (IUD):
IUD is a small, T-shaped piece of flexible
plastic that fits inside a woman's uterus to
prevent pregnancy. There are 2 types of
IUD's: copper and progestin (a hormone
found in birth control pills). The copper IUD
lasts 10 years and the progestin IUD lasts 5
years. IUDs work mainly by preventing
fertilization, and interfering with the
sperm's ability to reach the egg.
Family Planning Methods
• Oral Contraceptives ("The
Pill")
control pills, often called "The Pill",
are pills that a woman takes daily to
prevent pregnancy. They are made
of hormones similar to those found
naturally in a woman's body. The Pill
works mainly by preventing the
ovary from releasing an egg.
Family Planning Methods
• Spermicides*
Spermicide is a chemical that kills sperm. It
comes in different forms: foams, film,
creams, jellies and suppositories. A woman
inserts spermicide deep into her vagina just
before having sexual intercourse.
Spermicides provide some pregnancy
protection when used alone, but they are
much more effective when used with
another method, like the condom,
diaphragm or cervical cap.
Natural Family Planning Methods
• What is natural family planning?
Natural family planning is a way to help a couple determine when sexual
intercourse can and cannot result in pregnancy. During each menstrual
cycle, one of a woman's ovaries releases an egg. This process is called
ovulation. The egg moves toward the uterus through the fallopian tubes,
where fertilization may take place. An unfertilized egg may live for 12 to
24 hours. The egg will be shed later during the menstrual period if it isn't
fertilized. A woman is most likely to become pregnant if sexual intercourse
takes place just before or just after ovulation.
Female Reproductive System
Natural Family Planning Methods
• Abstinence*
Abstinence means choosing not to
have sex. Some people choose to
abstain from sexual intercourse,
but engage in other sexual
activities. Some people choose to
abstain from all sexual activity.
When practiced correctly,
abstinence is the only 100% sure
method for preventing pregnancy.
Natural Family Planning Methods
• Two methods of family planning:
– ovulation method. In this method, the days just before
and just after ovulation are determined by checking the
woman's cervical mucus.
– symptothermal method. With this method, the woman
takes her temperature each day with a special thermometer
and writes it down on a chart. At the time of ovulation, a
woman's temperature will rise slightly.
The woman also checks the consistency
of her cervical mucus.
Natural Family Planning Methods
• The rhythm method is based on calendar
calculations of previous menstrual cycles. This method
doesn't allow for normal changes in the menstrual cycle,
which are common. The rhythm method isn't as reliable as
the ovulation method or the symptothermal method and is
generally not recommended. Women who have no variation
in the length of their menstrual cycles can use the rhythm
method to know when they are ovulating (14 days before
the start of their period).
Surgical Sterilization
Tubal Sterilization
Vasectomy
Cultural Factors that
Affect Population
Growth
Sociological Basis
– Most Filipinos are fatalistic,if God causes couple
many children, “He Will provide”
– Women are ashamed to be seen buying birth control
pills and other contraceptive devices
– Deeply rooted religious beliefs
– Close family ties, there is tendency to be dependent
with financially well-off relatives
Economic Basis
– Children are considered economic assets
– Anthropological Basis
• Filipino values, beliefs and traditions
contribute to population explosion
• Political Science Basis
– The Family code allows early marriage
» (18 years old)