DEEP COMPACTION
GROUP 04
MEMBERS:
MACUSI, GERBIN REY
ISHAYA, JERRY
ALCONIS, CHRISTIAN CARL
PADICA, REDEN
What is Deep
Compaction ?
Deep compaction is a category
description of technologies that
rely on dynamic methods to impart
high levels of energy to the ground
resulting in improvement of soil
properties.
NUMEROUS NATURAL AND MAN-MADE DEPOSITS
WHERE VIBRO COMPACTION CAN BE APPLIED:
Increase soil bearing resistance, permitting shallow
foundation construction
Reduce foundation settlements
Increased resistance to liquefication
Increase shear strength
Reduce permeability
Filling of voids in treated areas
DEEP DYNAMIC COMPACTION
The primary purpose of deep dynamic compaction is to densify natural and fill deposits to
increase bearing resistance, reduce settlement, minimize collapse potential of large voids,
and mitigate liquefication potential so that the engineered structure can be constructed
safely and economically
Densification of loose deposit-to reduce the settlement that would otherwise occur under
load application
Collapse of large voids – large voids may exist in either natural or fill deposit. Deep
dynamic compaction is used to collapse the voids and provide a more uniform foundation
that reduces differential settlement
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES:
Impacting the tamper into the soil serves as both a probing and correcting tool
Densification of the deposits can be observed as the work proceeds
Densification usually results in a bearing stratum having a more uniform
compressibility, which minimize differential settlement
DISADVANTAGES:
Deep dynamic compaction produces ground vibration that can travel significant
distance from the point of impact
Water table should be located more than 6 feet below the ground surface
METHODS OF COMPACTING
Frankipaction – is essentially adaptation of the frankli pile to achieve compaction
Blast densification – generally only useful where densification is necessary over large
areas and at great depth (>100 feet)
Rapid impact compaction – uses a 5 to 9 ton excavator-mounted, weight that is dropped
about 4 feet in to a 5-foot diameter tamper capable of imparting 40 to 60 blow per
minute
Compaction grouting – a method in which cohesionless or weak soil, soil with fractures
and air pockets, or soil that has settled, is densified using thick. Low-slump grout
Vibratory hammer probe – a methods differ from the vibro-compaction method in that
the vibrations are transmitted vertically down the attached pipe of a ypical diameter of
2.6 feet.
DEEP DYNAMIC COMPACTION
(terminology unique to dynamic compaction)
Applied energy – average energy applied at a ground or surface, which is
calculated on the basis of the sum of all the energy applied by dynamic
compaction divided, by the surface area of the densified soil
Contact pressure – weight divided by the base of the tamper
Crater – depression in the ground at the drop point location that the results of the
energy application
Depth of improvement – maximum depth to which the measureable improvement
is attained
Drop energy – energy per blow
High-level energy – energy applied to cause densificartion
Induce settlement – average settlement following densification
Low-level energy – energy applied to compact the surface deposits to the depth of
crater penetration following high-level energy application
Pass – application of a portion of the planned energy at a single drop point
location
Phase – describes the pattern in which energy will applied
DEPTH OF
DEGREE OF
IMPROVEMEN
T
ENERGY
REQUIREMENT
S
FOCUS AND SCOPE
-Deep compaction and vibro-compaction are mature,
well-established methods of ground modification. The
purpose of this is to provide an overview of these
methods and to present the state of the practice in their
utilizing for improvement of site soil.
VIBRO-COMPACTION
Isan established ground improvement method for
establishing granular soil such as loose sand, gravels, and
some hydraulic fills
Isa ground improvement techniques that densifies clean,
cohesionless soil with a downhole vibrator
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES:
Economical and often results in significance time saving
Considerably reduce the risk of seismically induced liquefication
Allows maximum improvement of granular soils to a depth of about 165 feet. With
generally recommended depth of 100 feet
DISADVANTAGES:
Effective only in granular and non-cohesive soil
Maximum depth of 165 feet may be considered a disadvantage
Densification generally cannot be achieved when the granular soil contains more 12-
15% silt or more than 2% clay
SUITABILITY
ASSESSMENT
CONSTRUCTION AND
MATERIALS
The vibro-compaction process uses crane-
mounted depth vibrators and appropriate
backfill material. This section discusses
construction and the suitability of backfill
material
CONSTRUCTIO
N
CONSTRUCTION:
Equipment used to achieve the
necessary densification are high-
powered, probe type vibrators
ranging from 12 to 16 inch in a
diameter and to 10 to 15 feet in
length
MATERIALS
To transmit vibration from the
vibrator into the in situ soil and
achieve [Link] is necessary
to supply sufficient backfill
materials to fill the void created by
the densification process. Fines
sand, coarse sand, rounded gravel,
crush stone, recycled aggregate.
And slag have been used as
backfill material
DESIGN
PROCEDURE
Significance properties of granular
soil – compressible, shear
resistance, permeability, and
resistance to dynamic loading are
largely dependent on the state of
compaction typically expressed In
terms of relative density for clean
granular materials
CONTRACTING PROCESS
Vibro-compaction may be performed under either a method-types specifications
or a performance-type specification.
Method-type specification – specifying agency details a specific procedure and
patterns spacing to achieve the requirement details
Performance-type specification – the specify agency assumes the risk, and a full
knowledge of the ground improvement technology and equipment is required
COST
COMPONENTS
