Scribd
Upload
9 views11 pages

Understanding Complex Viscosity

This document discusses complex fluids, which are binary mixtures that can exist in multiple phases like solid-liquid or liquid-gas. Complex fluids exhibit non-Newtonian flow behaviors and include substances like ketchup, blood, and toothpaste. The rheological properties of complex fluids, including viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus, are examined. Transporting complex fluids through pipelines poses challenges due to startup and shutdown pressures and flows. Smart fluids that change viscosity with applied electric or magnetic fields are also introduced.

Uploaded by

Anup Mathew
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views11 pages

Understanding Complex Viscosity

This document discusses complex fluids, which are binary mixtures that can exist in multiple phases like solid-liquid or liquid-gas. Complex fluids exhibit non-Newtonian flow behaviors and include substances like ketchup, blood, and toothpaste. The rheological properties of complex fluids, including viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus, are examined. Transporting complex fluids through pipelines poses challenges due to startup and shutdown pressures and flows. Smart fluids that change viscosity with applied electric or magnetic fields are also introduced.

Uploaded by

Anup Mathew
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

STUDY OF COMPLEX FLUIDS

DEFINITION

• Complex fluids are binary mixtures that have a coexistence


between two phases: solid-liquid (suspensions), solid-gas
(granular), liquid-gas (foams) and liquid-liquid (emulsions).

• Fluids showing non-linear viscous behaviours, as well as


viscoelastic materials, are Complex Fluids.

• Complex fluids are substances that flow at modest stresses.


DIFFERENCES

Simple Fluids Complex Fluids

consists of only a single binary mixtures that have


phase. a coexistence between 2
phases.
Obeys Newton’s law of Does not obey Newton’s
viscosity law of viscosity
Low viscosity Very high viscosity

Does not change phase. Changes phase when


subjected to modest
deformation
less pumping energy to more pumping energy to
drive through drive through
equipments equipments
EXAMPLES OF COMPLEX FLUIDS

• Ice cream
• Cheese
• Chocolate
• Ketchup
• Mayonnaise
• Blood
• Shampoo
• Tooth paste
• Lip stick
• Nail polish
• Paint
• Polymers
• Pulp fiber
• Drilling muds
• Asphalt
RHEOLOGY

Newtonian Fluid non-Newtonian Fluid

Viscoelastic Fluids Viscous Fluids

Time dependent

THIXOTROPIC

RHEOPECTIC

Time independent

Bingham Plastic

Pseudo Plastic

Dilatant fluids
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES


• Shear viscosity 


• Steady-State Shear Viscosity

• Transient Shear Viscosity

• Storage Modulus & Loss Modulus storage of elastic energy,


viscous dissipation of that energy

• Loss Tangent high (>>1) for materials liquid-like


low (<<1) for materials solid-like
PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION OF COMPLEX FLUIDS

• poses a number of challenges in industries


• During startup, a high initial pressure is necessary
• flow rate begins to increase only after pressure threshold has been exceeded
• pressure achieves a peak value when steady-state flow rate value is reached
• During shut down, inertial term provides a negative contribution to total pressure
• At the end of shut down, a residual pressure can occur
• when the flow rate vanishes, pressure does not become null
• Shut down before OF has completely left the pipe

• Shut down after OF has left the pipe

ptot  p( IF )  p (OF )  inertial term

ptot  p (IF )  inertial term


TYPES OF RHEOLOGICAL RESPONSE

Shear stress vs. Shear rate

Shear stress vs. Time

Shear viscosity vs. Shear rate


SMART FLUIDS

• MR Fluids - viscosity
increases when a magnetic
field is applied

• ER Fluids - solidify, or
become very viscous, under
an electric field
Applications of Smart Fluids

• Mechanical Engineering
• Military and Defense
• Optics
• Automotive and Aerospace
• Human Prosthesis
• Shock Absorbers
• Key Pads
• Fast acting hydraulic valves
LIMITATIONS OF SMART FLUIDS

• High density, due to presence of iron, makes them


heavy.

• High-quality fluids are expensive.

• Fluids are subject to thickening after prolonged use and


need replacing.

• These fluids are suspensions, hence in time they tend to


settle out.

You might also like