ORTHOPAEDICS

Acharya Institute of Allied Health Sciences

By: Ishika Basak
BHA, 2nd yr
 CONTENTS
 Definition
 Function
 Planning and Designing
 Infrastructure Requirements
 Treatment Methods
 Surgical Treatment
 Diagnosis
 DEFINITION
 ORTHOPEDICS is a medical science that
focuses on the diagnosis, correction,
prevention and treatment of patients with
skeletal deformities – disorders of the bones,
joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons.
 The physicians who specialize in this area are
called are called ORTHOPEDIC SURGEONS
OR ORTHPEDISTS.
 FUNCTION

 It provides comprehensive services that

incorporate traditional medical care,
regenerative medicine and rehabilitative
medicine.
 It provides preventing, diagnosing, and
treating injuries related to trauma, sports
and degeneration.
PLANNING AND DESIGING
Orthopedic OT
Specially designed OT Table is used
in Orthopedic OT:
 Orthopedics Operating Table are designed for orthopedics
operation and surgical procedures according to clinical
requirements of orthopedic surgeries.
 The orthopedic table can be equipped with additional
attachments like orthopedic fracture table (Fracture &
Lower Limb Traction Unit), Femur Lateral Attachment,
Knee arthroscopy and tibia nailing attachment and Arm
Surgery Table to improve ease of operation and achieve
proper positioning for an orthopedic surgeon
Emergency Orthopedic Care

 Emergency orthopedic care includes acute trauma care

and urgent general orthopedic care delivered in hospital
emergency rooms.
 Hospitals must provide facilities and resources to allow
orthopedic surgeons to provide safe, high quality
emergency orthopedic care
Orthopedic ICU
In an acute care hospital, the intensive care unit staff must
effectively use specialized equipment, while making split-
second decisions pertaining to the care of a large number
of medically fragile patients. Optimizing the space for
efficiency and safety can help drive successful care
outcomes and support a satisfactory experience for
patients and families

 Layout: Adequate space should be provided for the movement of medical

equipment, wheelchairs and furniture. It’s better to create a room large
enough to absorb additional functions as time moves forward can ensure
functionality in the long-term.
 Storage: Space should be provided for storage of devices and common
medical supplies like linens and medications. Often used supplies should
be located near the patient to promote efficiency
 Lighting: Enough lighting should be provided between the bed and
bathroom to reduce the likelihood of patient falls. Also, sufficient lighting
in the medication prep zone can allow providers to better check patient
arm bands to ensure proper care delivery
 Family zone layout:Situate family space in the line-of-sight of providers
to facilitate inclusion into the care conversation. Also, position furniture
out of the way of the caregiver zone in an area that allows visitors to see
and hear the TV without disturbing the patient. Furniture should also be
in place to allow visitors to make physical contact with the patient when
desired
 INFRASTRUCTURE
REQUIREMENT
 Automatic opening doors at department entry doors
that do not have hold-open devices.
 Provide Waiting Room seating with a mix of chairs
and without arms in addition Hip Chair and
wheelchair space.
 Provide protective wall covering in departmental
corridors to protect from damage due to wheelchair.
 Cast Room Dust and noise control is required for a
safe and clean environment for patient and staff.
 Design Cast Room to allow access for the portable x-
ray unit.
 REQUIREMENTS
Requirements of the space for a
orthopaedic department :
a) Reception
b) Waiting Halls
c) Treatment Area
d) P.O.P Room
e) O.T ( SURGERY PURPOSE )
f) Wash Rooms
g) Corridors
h) Pharmacy
 TREATMENT METHODS
 Before the surgical procedure, the afflicted joint must be
examined further using the following diagnostic methods :
X-ray scanning, Computer Topography (CT), Magnetic
Resonance Imagining (MRI), and Ultrasound Diagnostics
(US). Based on the findings, the doctor decides on further
treatment, either for non-surgical or conservative
treatment, or for surgical treatment.
 Conservative-non surgical treatment depends on the
intensity of the pain and the degree of the affliction of the
patient’s joint. In case of chronic problems, the doctor
might prescribe physiotherapy, which includes stretching
exercise and electrotherapy.
 SURGICAL TREATMENT
Surgical Treatment consists of a surgical procedure
prescribed by the orthopaedic surgeon. In order to carry
out a surgery, the patient and his/her immediate family
members must submit consent.

SURGICAL PROCEDURE:

 It is a carefully planned process managed by an

orthopaedist and an anaesthesiologist.
 The duration of the surgical procedure depends on the
type of procedure or implant that is to be implanted or
replaced, and usually takes up to about two hours.
 DIAGNOSIS
In order to help diagnose a person’s condition the
orthopaedist will:
 Ask about the person’s symptoms
 Review the person’s medical record to gather more
information about their medical history and overall health
 Carry out a physical examination
 Review any X-rays conducted before the appointment

The orthopaedist may also order additional diagnostic

tests. These may include:
 An MRI Scan
 A CT Scan
 A Bone Scan
 An Ultrasound
 Nerve Conduction Studies
 Blood Tests
MEDICAL WARD:

The patient remains at the medical ward until he/she is

ready to leave the hospital, which is normally two weeks
after the surgery.

NURSING CARE:

They insures the provision of constant nursing of the

patient, key to the patient’s wellbeing at the hospital until
he/she is ready to return home.
 ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICES
An orthopaedist may specialize in a particular branch of
orthopaedic medicine. These branches are called sub
specialities:
Some orthopaedic sub specialities include:
 Hand and upper extremity
 Foot and ankle
 Musculoskeletal oncology (tumour)
 Paediatric Orthopaedics
 Sports Medicine
 Spine Surgery
 Trauma Surgery
 Joint Replacement Surgery
WHICH OPERATIONS CAN
ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS PERFORM?
 Total Joint Replacement – is a surgical procedure that
replaces the damaged joint with a prosthesis, which
usually consists of some combination of metal and plastic.
 Anthroscopic Surgery – Anthroscopic surgery is a
minimally invasive procedure that uses a device called an
anthroscope to diagnose joint problems.
 Fracture Repair Surgery –

 Bone Grafting Surgery – an orthopaedic surgeon uses bone

from elsewhere in the body to repair and strengthen
diseased or damaged bones.
 Spinal Fusion – is a surgical procedure that fuses together
adjoining vertebrae of the spine. This procedure allows
the vertebrae to heal into a single, solid mass of bone.
THANK YOU