Microsoft Official Course
Module 4
Implementing IPv4
Module Overview
Overview of TCP/IP
Understanding IPv4 Addressing
Subnetting and Supernetting
• Configuring and Troubleshooting IPv4
Lesson 1: Overview of TCP/IP
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Protocols in the TCP/IP Suite
TCP/IP Applications
• What Is a Socket?
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
HTTP FTP SMTP
Application
DNS POP3 SNMP
Transport TCP UDP
ARP IGMP
Internet IPv4 ICMP
IPv6
Network Mobile
Ethernet Wi-Fi broadband
Interface
Protocols in the TCP/IP Suite
OSI TCP/IP TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Application HTTP DNS
Presentation Application
FTP POP3
Session
SMTP SNMP
Transport Transport TCP IGMP UDP
Network Internet ARP
IPv4 ICMP IPv6
Data Link Network Mobile
Interface Ethernet Wi-Fi
Physical broadband
TCP/IP Applications
Some common application layer protocols:
• HTTP
• HTTPS
• FTP
• RDP
• SMB
• SMTP
• POP3
What Is a Socket?
• A socket is a combination of IP address,
transport protocol, and port
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
HTTP (80) SMTP (25)
HTTPS (443) DNS (53)
POP3 (110) FTP (21)
TCP/UDP
IPv4 IPv6
Lesson 2: Understanding IPv4 Addressing
IPv4 Addressing
Public and Private IPv4 Addresses
How Dotted Decimal Notation Relates to Binary
Numbers
Simple IPv4 Implementations
• More Complex IPv4 Implementations
IPv4 Addressing
An
An IPv4
IPv4 configuration
configuration identifies
identifies a
a computer
computer to
to other
other computers
computers on
on a
a network
network
IP Address Subnet 1
[Link]
[Link]
IP
IP Address
Address
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
Default gateway defines
the preferred router
IP
IP Address
Address
[Link]
[Link] IP
IP Address
Address
[Link]
[Link] [Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
Dotted decimal
IP
IP Address
Address
representation
[Link]
[Link]
of the address [Link]
[Link] IP
and subnet mask IP Address
Address
[Link]
[Link]
Subnet 2 [Link]
[Link]
Public and Private IPv4 Addresses
Public Private
• Required by devices and • Not routable on the
hosts that connect directly Internet
to the Internet • [Link]/8
• [Link]/12
• Must be globally unique • [Link]./16
• Routable on the Internet • Can be assigned locally
• Must be assigned by by organization
IANA/RIR • Must be translated to
access the Internet
How Dotted Decimal Notation Relates to
Binary Numbers
8-Bit Octet
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Decimal Value
Simple IPv4 Implementations
Class A (/8) Network Host ID
Large ID
0
Network w x y z
Class B (/16) Network ID Host ID
Medium 10
Network w x y z
Class C (/24) Network ID Host ID
Small Network 110
w x y z
More Complex IPv4 Implementations
[Link]
[Link]/22
[Link]/24
[Link]/22
[Link]/20 [Link]/22 [Link]
[Link]/24
[Link]/22
Lesson 3: Subnetting and Supernetting
How Bits Are Used in a Subnet Mask or Prefix
Length
The Benefits of Using Subnetting
Calculating Subnet Addresses
Calculating Host Addresses
Discussion: Creating a Subnetting Scheme for a
New Office
• What Is Supernetting?
How Bits Are Used in a Subnet Mask or Prefix Length
Class B Address with Subnet
Number of Subnets 32
2
8
128
64
16
4
0
256
Network ID Subnet ID Host ID
1 0
Number of Hosts 16,382
32,766
1,022
2,046
4,094
8,190
510
65,534
254
254
The Benefits of Using Subnetting
When you subdivide a network into subnets, you
create a unique ID for each subnet that is derived
from the main network ID
By using subnets, you can:
• Use a single network address across multiple
locations
• Reduce network congestion by segmenting
traffic
• Increase security by using firewalls
• Overcome limitations of current technologies
Calculating Subnet Addresses
When determining subnet addresses you should:
• Choose the number of subnet bits based on the
number of subnets required
• Use 2n to determine the number of subnets
available from n bits
For five locations, the following three subnet bits
are required:
• 5 locations = 5 subnets required
• 22 = 4 subnets (not enough)
• 23 = 8 subnets
Calculating Host Addresses
When determining host addresses you should:
• Choose the number of host bits based on the
number of hosts that you require on each
subnet
• Use 2n-2 to determine the number of hosts
that are available on each subnet
For subnets with 100 hosts, seven host bits are
required:
• 26-2 = 62 hosts (not enough)
• 27-2 = 126 hosts
Discussion: Creating a Subnetting Scheme for a
New Office
• How many subnets are required?
• How many bits are required to create that
number of subnets?
• How many hosts are required on each subnet?
• How many bits are required to allow that
number of hosts?
• What is an appropriate subnet mask to meet
these needs?
20 minutes
What Is Supernetting?
• Supernetting combines multiple small networks
into a larger network
• The networks that you are combining must be
contiguous
• The following table shows an example of
supernetting two class C networks:
Network Range
192.168.00010000.00000000/24 [Link] - [Link]
192.168.00010001.00000000/24 [Link] - [Link]
192.168.00010000.00000000/23 [Link] - [Link]
Lesson 4: Configuring and Troubleshooting IPv4
Configuring IPv4 Manually
Configuring IPv4 Automatically
IPv4 Troubleshooting Tools
Using Windows PowerShell Cmdlets to
Troubleshoot IPv4
The IPv4 Troubleshooting Process
What Is Network Monitor?
• Demonstration: How to Capture and Analyze
Network Traffic by Using Network Monitor
Configuring IPv4 Manually
Example using the netsh command-line tool
Netsh interface ipv4 set address name="Local Area
Connection" source=static addr=[Link]
mask=[Link] gateway=[Link]
Example using PowerShell cmdlets
New-NetIPAddress –InterfaceAlias “Local Area
Connection” –IPAddress [Link]
‑PrefixLength 24 –DefaultGateway [Link]
Set-DNSClientServerAddresses –InterfaceAlias
“Local Area Connection”
–ServerAddresses [Link],[Link]
Configuring IPv4 Automatically
DHCP Server IPv4 DHCP
with Client
IPv4 Scope
An APIPA address on an interface indicates that a
DHCP server could not be contacted
Code example:
Set-NetIPInterface –InterfaceAlias "Local Area
Connection" –Dhcp Enabled
Restart-NetAdapter –Name "Local Area Connection"
IPv4 Troubleshooting Tools
Use the following tools to troubleshoot IPv4:
• Ipconfig • Netstat
• Ping • Resource Monitor
• Tracert • Windows Network
• Pathping Diagnostics
• Event Viewer
• Telnet
Using Windows PowerShell Cmdlets to
Troubleshoot IPv4
Some of the new Windows PowerShell cmdlets:
• Get-NetAdapter
• Restart-NetAdapter
• Get-NetIPInterface
• Get-NetIPAddress
• Get-NetRoute
• Get-NetConnectionProfile
• Get-DNSClientCache
• Get-DNSClientServerAddress
The IPv4 Troubleshooting Process
• Identify the scope of the problem
• Use tracert to identify the network path
between hosts
• Use ipconfig to verify the network configuration
is correct
• Use ping to see if the remote host responds
• Use an application to test the service on a
remote host
• Use ping to see if the default gateway responds
What Is Network Monitor?
Demonstration: How to Capture and Analyze
Network Traffic by Using Network Monitor
In this demonstration, you will see how to:
• Capture network traffic with Network
Monitor
• Analyze the captured network traffic
• Filter the network traffic
Lab: Implementing IPv4
Exercise 1: Identifying Appropriate Subnets
• Exercise 2: Troubleshooting IPv4
Lab Scenario
A. Datum Corporation has an IT office and data center
in London, which supports the London location and
other locations. They have recently deployed a
Windows 2012 Server infrastructure with Windows 8
clients. You have recently accepted a promotion to
the server support team. One of your first assignments
is configuring the infrastructure service for a new
branch office.
After a security review, your manager has asked you
to calculate new subnets for the branch office to
support segmenting network traffic. You also need to
troubleshoot a connectivity problem on a server in the
branch office.
Lab Review
Why is variable length subnetting required in this
lab?
• Which Windows PowerShell cmdlet can you use to
view the local routing table of a computer instead
of using route print?
Module Review and Takeaways
• Best Practice
• Common Issues and Troubleshooting Tips
• Review Questions
• Tools