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Zoonosis Classification Overview

Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. There are several ways to classify zoonoses. First, based on the reservoir host as either diseases transmitted from animals to humans (anthropozoonoses), from humans to animals (zooanthroponoses), or in either direction (amphixenoses). Second, based on the life cycle as either direct contact transmission (direct zoonoses), requiring multiple animal hosts (cyclozoonoses), transmission by invertebrate vectors (metazoonoses), or requiring a non-animal site (saprozoonoses). Third, based on the etiological agent as bacterial, viral, rickettsial, protozoan,

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154 views8 pages

Zoonosis Classification Overview

Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. There are several ways to classify zoonoses. First, based on the reservoir host as either diseases transmitted from animals to humans (anthropozoonoses), from humans to animals (zooanthroponoses), or in either direction (amphixenoses). Second, based on the life cycle as either direct contact transmission (direct zoonoses), requiring multiple animal hosts (cyclozoonoses), transmission by invertebrate vectors (metazoonoses), or requiring a non-animal site (saprozoonoses). Third, based on the etiological agent as bacterial, viral, rickettsial, protozoan,

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Zain Ul Abedien
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Classification of Zoonosis:

Dr Ashar Mahfooz
Department : Clinical medicine and surgery
Zoonosis:
Zoonoses (singular zoonosis) derived from
Greek word “zoon” meaning animal “nosos”
meaning disease.
(WHO, 1979) defined zoonoses as “a disease or
infection naturally transmissible between
vertebrate animals and man.”
Classification of Zoonosis:
1) Based in terms of reservoir host:
2) Based upon the type of life cycle:
3) Based upon etiological agent:
Based upon reservoir host:
a) Anthropozoonoses:
The infections transmitted to man from lower
vertebrates are termed as anthropozoonoses. e.g.
ascariosis.
b) Zooanthroponoses:
The infections transmitted to lower vertebrate animals
from man referred as zooanthroponoses. The infections
are primarily of human origin. e.g. schistosomosis
c) Amphixenoses:
The infection maintained between man and lower
vertebrate animals, which may be transmitted in either
direction, e.g. salmonellosis.
Based upon the type of life cycle:
a) Direct zoonoses:
The infection transmitted from the infected vertebrate host
to a susceptible vertebrate host (e.g. Man) either by direct
contact, contact with a fomite or by a mechanical vector.
During transmission the agent undergoes no
developmental and little or no propagative changes e.g.
trichinellosis.
b) Cyclozoonoses:
The infection requires more than one vertebrate host
species in order to complete the life cycle of the agent. No
invertebrate hosts are required. e.g. Taenia saginata and
T. solium infections.
c) Metazoonoses:
The infection is transmitted biologically by the
invertebrate vectors. In the invertebrate, the agent
multiplies. There is always an extrinsic incubation period
in the invertebrate hosts before transmission to another
vertebrate host. e.g. yellow fever.
d) Saprozoonoses:
Zooonoses which require a non-animal site (food, soil,
plants) to serve either as a true reservoir of infection or
as a site for an essential phase of development. e.g.
various forms of larva migrans
Based upon etiological agent:
a. Bacterial zoonoses:
Zoonoses caused by bacterial agents e.g. brucellosis, plague,
salmonellosis, anthrax.
b. Viral zoonoses:
Zoonoses caused by viruses e.g. rabies, influenza, yellow fever.
c. Rickettsial zoonoses:
Zoonoses caused by rickettsia e.g. Qfever, tick typhus.
d. Protozoan zoonoses:
Zoonoses caused by protozoans e.g. toxoplasmosis,
trypanosomosis, leishmaniosis.
e. Helminthic zoonoses:
Zoonoses caused by helminthes e.g. hydatidosis, taeniosis,
schistosomosis, trichinellosis.
f. Fungal zoonoses:
Zoonoses caused by fungal agents e.g. histoplasmosis,
cryptococcosis
Thanks

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