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Static Electricity and DC Circuit Basics

This document discusses static electricity, direct current circuits, and electromagnetic induction. It covers fundamentals like voltage, resistance, and electric current. It also explains key DC circuit concepts such as Ohm's Law, series and parallel resistors, and battery connections. Additionally, it describes the magnetic effects of electric current including Fleming's left hand rule and the principles of motors. Finally, the document outlines electromagnetic induction including motion-induced currents, generators, self-induction, mutual induction, and transformers.

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20 views60 pages

Static Electricity and DC Circuit Basics

This document discusses static electricity, direct current circuits, and electromagnetic induction. It covers fundamentals like voltage, resistance, and electric current. It also explains key DC circuit concepts such as Ohm's Law, series and parallel resistors, and battery connections. Additionally, it describes the magnetic effects of electric current including Fleming's left hand rule and the principles of motors. Finally, the document outlines electromagnetic induction including motion-induced currents, generators, self-induction, mutual induction, and transformers.

Uploaded by

Endra
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

STATIC ELECTRICITY AND DIRECT CURRENT (DC) CIRCUIT

1.1 ELECTRIC CURRENT VOLTAGE, AND RESISTANCE


(1) Fundamentals of electricity

(2) Electricity by friction


(3) Forces acting among electrically charged bodies

(4) Electrostatic induction


(5) Electric current (6) The unit of electric current

(7) Potential, voltage, electromotive force


(8) Properties of conductors, insulators, and semiconductor

(9) Electric resistance (10) Short circuit


1.2. DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUITS
(1) Direct and alternating current (2) Ohm’s Law
(3) Resistor connections

(4) Series connected resistors


(5) Parallel connected resistors
1-3. BATTERY CELL CONNECTIONS

(1) Series connection (2) Parallel Connection


1-4. ELECTRIC POWER
(1) Power
I [W] represents the power involved in supplying or consuming
a current of 1 [A] at 1 [VI over a period of one second.
When a DC generator 6, generates
voltage V across load R (Ω) to produce I [A]
of current through the load, power P becomes:
P=V.l [W]
= R x l x I = RI² [W]
P0 = P = V.1. [W] (Ignoring the losses in
the generator and supply lines as zero)

1 Hp = 746 [W] (Foot Pound HP)


1 PS= 735 [W] (Metric horsepower) Fig, 1-25 DC generator and load
(2) Amount of electric power
As discussed before, power is the amount of electrical work performed over a unit of time (one
sec.). The amount of electric power is defined as the total electrical energy either generated or
dissipated during a certain time period.
Amount of Electric power Electric power x time
The unit of Electric Power is Watt/per sec. abbreviated [Ws], or joule J. However, when
measuring large quantities of power, the unit [Wh] or watt-hour is used.
(3) Joule heat
Joule discovered that the electric power consumed in a resistance is completely changed
into heat. This phenomenon is called Joule’s Law.
As discussed in the preceding, heat generated as a result of current flow in a resistor is
called ‘Joule heat’, and 1 [Ws] 1 [JI].
2. THE MAGNETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
2.1 MAGNETISM

(1) Magnetism and magnetic lines of force

Lines of magnetic force Lines of magnetic force

A. Permanent magnet
B. Piece of soft steel

Fig. 2-1. Distribution of the magnetic field Fig. 2.2. Attraction of a piece of steel
(2) The magnetic field caused by an electric current
2-2. MAGNETIC FORCE PRODUCED BY AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
(1) Fleming’s left hand Law

Lines of force produced by the


current through the wire

Fig. 2-8. Distortion of magnetic field as current flows in conductor


(2) Principle of the motor

(3) Forces acting among parallel flowing currents

Fig. 2-1 1. Forces between two parallel currents


3. ELECTRO-MAGNETIC INDUCTION
3). FORCES OF MAGNETIC INDUCTION

(1) Motion of a bar magnet and induced current, in a coil

Fig. 3-2 Relation between number


of lines through the coil, induced
e.m.f, and induced current.
(2) Motion of a conductor, and induced current in a conductor

This is called:
Fleming’s rule of the right hand

Fig. 3-4 Rule of the right hand


(3) Principle of the generator

a) Alternator

Fig. 3-6 Direction of rotor


rotation and induced e.m.f.

Fig. 3-5 Functional illustration of an alternator


Fig. 3-7. Change in flux through the coil and induced e.m.f.
b) Direct current generators (dynamo)
(4) Self-induction

(5) Mutual induction (6) Transformers


Fig. 3-16. Electric spark ignition system

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