CONSTRUCTION OF BITUMINOUS ROAD

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Saidwali Ahmadzai (17002104) Mr Rajat Sharma (Assistant Professor)

Shafiullah Popalzai (17001927) Civil Engineering Department

Ap Goyal Shimla University

 PRESENTATION
ON
CONSTRUCTION OF BITUMINOUS ROAD
 TABLE OF CONTENT

 Highway
 Introduction of Bitumen
 Objectives
 Application
 Construction of bitumen
 Types of bituminous road
 Steps for Construction of Bituminous Road
 Benefit of Bituminous stabilization
 Application of Bitumen work
 Conclusion
 Reference
 Highway

 A highway is any public or private road or other public way on [Link] is used for
major roads, but also include other public roads and public track. A highway is a
busy road with many lanes. Highway are usually the quickest route for driving
between one city and another.

Fig.01 Highway
Introduction Of Bitumen

 Bitumen is a material obtained by fractional distillation of crude petroleum as an end product.

Bituminous materials were used for the construction of roads, preserving timber and for
waterproofing stone walls. Bitumen is a non crystalline solid or viscous material having adhesive
properties derived from petroleum either by natural or refinery process, smaller amounts of crude oil
like kerosene ,fuel oil , spirit and lubricating evaporate .

Fig.02 Bitumen
Objectives

 Sufficient bitumen to ensure a durable pavement

 Sufficient strength to resist shear deformation under traffic at higher temperature

 Sufficient air voids in the compacted bitumen to allow for additional compaction by traffic

 Sufficient workability to permit easy placement without segregation

 sufficient resistance to avoid pre mature cracking due to repeated bending by traffic

 Sufficient resistance at low temperature to prevent shrinkage cracks.

 Application of Bituminous Materials

 A graded stone mixture is coated with bitumen called bitumen macadam extensively used for
pavement, walkways [Link] are many uses of Bituminous materials in engineering works like:

 For paints

 Damp proofing

 Roofing

 Tanking of basement

 Preservation of stones

 Pavement
 Construction Of Bituminous Road

 Bitumen Road construction steps involves many processes .it has important properties and advantages. The
Bitumen road construction use in the construction of road worldwide. Bitumen uses in construction for its unique
properties. For the construction of a flexible road, smooth ride and comfort, bitumen uses in the construction of
the road. A bitumen road has a smooth surface to ride and also gives less sound emission and as compared to
concrete pavement.

Fig.03 Bituminous Road

Types Of Bituminous Roads

 Surface painting road.

Bituminous Macadam road
Bituminous Concrete road

 Surface painted or surface dressing bituminous roads are used where traffic is small. For the
construction of these roads, first W.B.M road is constructed as described early. The surface is cleaned
with wire brushes and brooms to make grooves in the joints of the surface. Then a layer of hot colter
or asphalt is sprinkled over the surface.
 Over this layer, a layer of stone chippings is laid and rolled properly. This sets the
aggregate into the binder. The thickness of this layer is between 2 to 3 cm. This surface
dressing provides a thin, waterproof and dustless surface to the road. About 2 kg of
binder per sq. m area of the road surface is used and 1.8 to 2 cup m of stone chippings
are required per 100 sq. m of the surface.

Fig.04 Surface painting

Bituminous Macadam Road

 In this type of road construction, the aggregates are spread on the prepared base.
It is then rolled with the roller and then the bituminous binder is sprayed on the
surface which penetrates to full or partial depth of the compacted aggregate and
thus bind them together.

Fig.05 Bituminous Macadam Road

Bituminous Concrete Road

 These types of roads are used for heavy and mixed traffic. The base of this road is
also W.B.M. First of all the surface of W.B.M is cleaned with wire brushes. Side
Krebs of soil is formed to support the bituminous surfacing.
The road metal of size of 6.3 mm is heated to a temperature of 180°. Then coarse
sand of 1.3 mm size is also mixed in the road metal in the ratio of 1:2. Then
bitumen or tar is heated at the same temperature as road metal and mixed with road
metal in a mixing plant.
 This hot mixture is spread on the cleaned surface is then rolled with the roller to proper camber and
grade. Over this a sealing coat of coarse sand and bitumen is applied on this surface and surface is
again rolled. This type of road surface provides a smooth surface and pleasant looking finish.

Fig.06 Bituminous Concrete Road

Steps For Construction Of Bitumen Road

There are various steps in the construction of bitumen road as discussed below

 Preparation of the existing base course layer

 Application of Tuck Coat

 Preparation and placing of Premix

 Rolling

 Quality control of bituminous concrete construction

 Finished Surface
 Benefit of Bitumen stabilization

 Improvement to the driving surface and its safety

 Virtual elimination of dust problems

 Reduction in the loss of aggregates

 Reduction of maintenance and regarding costs

 Relatively inexpensive method of upgrading a gravel roadway

Application Of Bitumen Work

 A wearing tape shall be tied at a distance of 2 meter away from the service as wearing sign to restrict the
movement of the equipment.

 Road safety sign shall be installed wherever applicable for the movement of vehicles and equipment.

 The execution procedure shall be divided into

 Prime coat

 Binder course

 Tack coat

 Wearing course
Prime coat

 A prime coat is the application of a suitable bituminous binder applied to a

non bituminous granular base as a preliminary treatment before the
application of bituminous surface.
 This should be applied in a single layer at the ratio of 0.7-1.5 liter per sq.m and at a
temperature not exceeding 70*C. this surface shall be cured for 24 hours.
Binder course

 Immediately before paving the binder course material, the surface of the prime coat shall be
cleaned with compressed air and shall be ensured that the surface is dry.
Thickness 50-75mm
Maximum size aggregate 26.5mm
Bitumen content 4.5%
Tack coat and wearing course

 The approved material should be applied at 0.3 to 0.6 lit per sq.m Temperature shall not exceeded
54C above the binder. Traffic shall not be allowed until it is properly cooled. A minimum period of
12 hours shall be considered after the completing of rollers.
Thickness 30_40mm
Maximum size of aggregate 13.2mm
Bitumen content 5.4%
Conclusion

 Roads are the major channel of transportation for carrying goods and passengers

 Roads play an important role in improving the social economic standard of regions,

 Bitumen has been widely used in the construction of flexible pavement for long time,

 In summer season due to high temperature bitumen becomes soft resulting in bleeding, rufting and
segregation finally leading to failure of pavement.

 Plastic will increase the melting point of the bitumen.

References

 Highway engineering by s.k Khanna

and justo

 AASHTO Guide For Design Of

Pavement Structure

 Images- [Link]