Sewage Treatment
(CEng-4173)
Worked Examples
By G/hiwet H. (MSc.) Appril. 2021
Worked Examples
Example 2.1. Compute
(a) the theoretical oxygen demand;
(b) the organic carbon concentration of a wastewater that contains the
following chemical compounds: (i) glucose (C6H12O6) = 200 mg/l
(ii) benzene (C6H6) = 25 mg/l
(c) What is the formula weight of the organic matter in this solution?
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b) From the molecular formulas of glucose and benzene, it is found that:
The carbon content of glucose is 72mg C/180mg of glucose; and the
carbon content of benzene is 72mg C/78mg of benzene. Hence, the total
organic carbon content of the solution containing 200mg/l of glucose and
25mg/l of benzene
Worked Examples
Example 3.1. A grit chamber is designed to remove particles with a diameter of
0.2mm, specific gravity 2.65. Settling velocity for these particles has been found to
range from 0.016 to 0.022m/sec, depending on their shape factor. A flow through
velocity of 0.3m/sec will be maintained by proportioning weir. Determine the
channel dimensions for a maximum wastewater flow of 10,000cu m/day.
Solution
Let us provide a rectangular channel section, since a proportional flow weir is
provided for controlling velocity of flow.
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Example 3.2. Design a suitable grit chamber cum Detritus tank for a
sewage treatment plant getting a dry weather flow from a separate
sewerage system @400 1/s. Assume the flow velocity through the tank as
0.2m/sec and detention period of 2 minutes. The maximum flow may be
assumed to be three times of dry weather flow.
Solution
The length of the tank
At the top, a free-board of 0.3m may be provided; and at the bottom, a dead
space depth of 0.45m for collection of detritus may be provided.
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Thus, the overall depth of the tank = 1.2 + 0.3 + 0.45 = 1.95m.
The tank will be 1. 7m wide up to 1.5m depth, and then the sides will
slope down to form an elongated trough of 24m length and 0.8m width
at the bottom with rounded corners, as shown in figure below.
Example 3.3. Design a grit chamber for a horizontal velocity of 25cm/sec
and a flow which ranges from a minimum of 25000cum/day to a maximum
of 100,000cu-m/day. Average flow is 62500cu-m/day.
Solution
Let us adopt 4 grit channels, each designed to carry discharges as:
Worked Examples
Let us adopt 4 grit channels, each designed to carry discharges as:
(For all discharges), we can easily work out, A values corresponding to
peak, maximum, average, and minimum discharges.
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Similarly,
At maximum discharge Let us limit the maximum width of the channel
to 1.5m at Qmax Then,
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Total energy at critical point i.e. at the point of jump formation:
Using Bernoulli's theorem,
Total energy at upstream point in channel
= Total energy at critical point in control section
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Knowing Q and W, we can find yc at different discharges. From eqn.
(9.13) derived above,
Knowing A at various discharges, already computed, we can find B at
different discharges, because D is known at different discharges.
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The values of B are, thus, calculated for other discharges, as shown in
table below.
With B and D values, computed in col. (6) and (7) of the above table, we
can draw the parabolic section, which is approximated to a practical
trapezoidal section, as shown in Figure
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Figure Grit channel section
Example 3.4. Design a suitable rectangular sedimentation tank (provided
with mechanical cleaning equipment) for treating the sewage from a city,
provided with an assured public water supply system, with a maximum
daily demand of 12 million liters per day. Assume suitable values of
detention period and velocity of flow in the tank. Make any other
assumptions, wherever needed.
Solution
Assuming that 80% of water supplied to the city becomes sewage, we have
the quantity of sewage required to be treated per day (i.e. maximum daily).
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Solution
Worked Examples
c k
od Lu
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