Portuguese Sign Language (LGP)
and the Portuguese Deaf Community: Language, Culture, History
Maria José Freire
Phd student from FCSH, Universidade Nova, Lisboa, Portugal
Presentation at KU Leuven – Antwerp – 30 October 2014
Official recognition of LGP
- Língua Gestual Portuguesa
• Portuguese Deaf Community founded a commission
to fight for the official recognition of LGP in
November 15th, 1995. This is now celebrated every
year as the National Day of LGP.
• Deaf associations, parents, interpreters, teachers,
families and friends were represented there.
• They held meetings with government, ministeries,
political parties, parliament representatives, and
managed to include LGP recognition within the
Constitution which was beeing revised.
• Deaf community attended during debates at the
Parliament for the revision of Portuguese
Constitution with volunteer sign language
intepreters all the time.
• Finaly it was approved in July 1997, and
published in Diário da República in
september,22nd, Law 1/97:
“To protect and to value portuguese sign language as
cultural expression and a tool to access education
and equal opportunities”
Other achievements followed
• Despacho 7528/98 – L3/2008 – established
bilingual education for deaf children
• Subtitles in portuguese television programmes
• Sign language interpretation of several news
information programmes and entertainment
• Academic training for teachers of LGP and
SLInterpreters
LGP history
• LGP, as other sign languages all over the world,
is not a recent language.
• It has been developing and growing according to
the needs of the Deaf community.
• Deaf people have been using it for centuries,
although sometimes it is hard to find proof.
One proof of LGP in XVth century
This book tells the story of the presecution of
jews in Lisbon by the end of the 15th and
begining of the 16th century.
While reading this book, which accounts for a
true narrative, I was surprised to find that there
was a deaf person (Farid) in this narrative and
that the narrator and him were friends from
birth.
Since their childhood they used a sign language
to communicate. Throughout the book we can
find lots of references to their communication
using signs.
One excerpt from the book
First school for the Deaf in Portugal
• In 1823 the first school for the Deaf (and also for the
blind) was founded by our king D. João VI because his
daughter D. Isabel Maria was concerned about these
children.
• Pär Aron Borg, a swedish teacher was invited to organize
and direct this school.
• He introduced a manual alphabet and used teaching
methodologies that included signs. That is why our
manual alphabet today and some signs are similar to the
swedish ones.
Pär Aron Borg and his manual alphabet
Portuguese manual alphabet
Training of SLInterpreters and teachers of
LGP
• Late 1980’s and early 1990’s
▫ Professional training of interpreters and SL
teachers
• 1997/1998 SL interpreter training
▫ Academic training (5 year programme for
interpreters) – After Bologna only 3 year
• 2004/2005 SL teacher training
▫ Academic training (3 year programme)
Language and linguistics
• First linguistic study about Portuguese Sign
Language, by Isabel Prata in 1980:
▫ “Mãos que falam” includes a brief description of
linguistic aspects of LGP and photos of about 70
signs from the LGP.
• First LGP dictionary was published in 1991:
▫ “Gestuário da LGP” containing 500 signs
• A new study about LGP grammar was published
in 1994, by a linguist and two teachers of the deaf:
▫ “Para Uma Gramática da Língua Gestual
Portuguesa”.
Sign language grammar
This study establishes the first findings
about portuguese sign language linguistic
principles.
As the authors do mention it is incomplete
and needs more investigation and
reflexion.
Several papers have been published since,
studying different grammatical aspects
and linguistic features of LGP.
Hand Configurations from Para
uma Gramática da LGP (1994)
Localization – signs attached to the body
From Para uma Gramática da Língua Gestual Portuguesa
(1994)
Localization – signs away from the body
Other phonological components
• Orientation (Soares & Bettencourt)
▫ Neutral (palm towards body) (Ex: PEACH)
▫ Pronated (palm down/back) (Ex: FORM)
▫ Supinated (palm up/front) (Ex: CULTURE)
▫ Inverted (palm to the side/out) (Ex: [Link])
• Movement
• Non manual aspects/expressions
New signs – My Phd investigation
• Political, social and economic changes give ground
to new needs of communication.
• Also in the Portuguese Deaf community
▫ 1974, April 25th – Major political change in Portugal
– begining of democracy
▫ 1981 – International Year of People with Disabilities
▫ 1985 – Portugal joined the EEC, now EU – European
Union
Contexts of lexical productivity
• Political – new concepts expanded from old ones
REPUBLIC – CONSTITUTION; PARLIAMENT;
[Link]….
• Social – equal opportunities
[Link]; CITIZENSHIP;
[Link]
• Education – further studies
BILINGUALISM; UNIVERSITY; INVESTIGATION
• New technologies
COMPUTER; [Link]; FACEBOOK….
Research methology
• Corpus
▫ LGP videos: Deaf associations; Deaf news; individuals
• Data collection
▫ Visualization; notation; register (files)
• Analysis
▫ Validation of new signs (group of native speakers)
▫ Lexicology and lexicography - productive processes
▫ Neology criteria
• Final results
▫ Validated files
Thank you
Two DVD:
▫ Gestuário Digital – Dictionairy of LGP (Língua Gestual
Portuguesa)
▫ 1997- 2007: 10 Years of LGP recognition - Deaf community
views (english subtitles)
• maria_josea@[Link]