AN ERROR ANALYSIS
AN ANALYSIS IN DEFORMING
DEFORMING DECLARATIVE
INTO INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES AT THE FIRST
SEMESTER OF THE NINTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MTS AN-
NUR TANGKIT
By : Retno Rahayu
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
B. Limitation of Problem
C. Formulation of Problem
D. The Objective of the Study
E. The Significance of the Study
Background of
Background of the Study
the Study
• Students may do errors in learning
English. According to Rosyid (2017:1)
Learning English cannot be separated
• After preliminary study at
MTs An-Nur Tangkit, the
researcher found the problem
from a learning phase called making that most of the students at
error. eight grade2019/2020 did
• Doing error in learning process can be errors in writing interrogative
used as an intruction, so that the next sentences. For example in
learning can be better. simple present tense “my
• Errors in interrogative sentence is uncle goes to the garden
cause by lack of grammatical everyday.”, some of them
knowledge of source language (SL). deformed the sentence to be
So that, teacher should know and relize “is my uncle goes to the
weather students do errors or not in garden everyday ?”. It should
learning English. be “ Does my uncle go to the
Limitation of Problem
Limitation of Problem
The researcher focused on analysis of students’ grammatical
errors in deforming declarative into interrogative sentences at
ninth grade students of MTs An-Nur Tangkit. The researcher
analizes students’ grammatical errors based on Surface Strategy
Taxonomy. The deformation was from 2 tenses that were Simple
Formulation of
Present Tense and Simple Past Tense.
Formulation of Problem
What grammatical errors did the students make in deforming
Problem
declarative into interrogative sentences?
The TheObjective
Objective of the Studyof the
To classify and describe the kind of students’ grammatical error in
Studt
deforming interrogative sentence.
The The
Significance
Significance of the
1. Theoretically
of
The result of this research can give contributions for new data and grasp additional
Study
knowledge about error analysis in deforming declarative into interrogative sentences and be
reference for the next researcher.
the Study
2. Practically
a. For the teacher
The result of this research can become a feedback for the English teacher at the Junior
High School in which this research is about the students’ grammatical errors in deforming
interrogative senteces. They can be a reflection for the students at the junior high school
about their interrogative sentence mastering and phenomena that come arise in their simple
sentences uses. Moreover, it can be reflection to teacher to use approprite methods in
teaching and learning process.
b. For the student
It is expectedly that students will be cautious in writing sentences especially in
interrogative sentences.
A. Theoretical Review
1. Error Analysis
Identification of Language Errors
Sources of Errors
CHAPTER II Errors Classification
Errors in Surface Strategy Taxonomy
REVIEW OF THE RELATED
2. Concept of Interrogative Sentence (Question)
LITERATURE 3. Procedure of Deforming Declarative Sentences into
Interrogative in Two Tenses
B. Indonesian Students’ Errors Cases
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Research Design
Setting and
Setting and Subject
Subject of
of the
the Research
Research
Data and
Data and Data
Data Source
Source
Technique of
Technique of Collecting
Collecting Data
Data
Technique of
Technique of Analyzing
Analyzing Data
Data
Trustworthiness
Trustworthiness
Research
Research DesignDesign
The research design in this study is descriptive qualitative research.
Setting
Setting andand
SubjectSubject
of the Research of the
Research
Setting is at MTs An-Nur Tangkit addressed, Jln. An-Nur Desa Tangkit
Kec. Sungai Gelam Kabupaten Muaro jambi.
20 students of the ninth grade students of MTs An-Nur Tangkit in
academic year 2020/2021.
Data
Dataand
and DataData Source
Data
Sourcedata source is collected by giving students in MTs An-Nur
Primary
Tangkit several sentences about the interrogative sentences totaling 20
questions and it can be seen the types of errors made by the students,
and the percentages errors made by students of MTs An-nur Tangkit.
Data sources
They are collected from the students' error in interrogative sentences
that will be conducted. Another data source is taken from the books
used by the researcher which contains about interrogative sentences.
nique of ofCollecting
Technique Collecting Data Data
Technique ofofAnalyzing
Technique Analyzing Data D
First, the researcher collects the Firstly, the researcher collected the
students’ test paper to be students’ deforming.
documented and read carefully. Secondly, classifying the errors into
Second, the reseacher identifies the four subcategories of surface strategy
errors that is found on every word, taxonomy and they will be analyzed
phrase, and sentence. separately.
Thirdly, the data are interpreted and
After that, the researcher classifies
described systematically according to
the data into sub category of surface
the types of errors.
strategy taxonomy. After that, explaining the errors
Then she interprets and describes the according to comparative taxonomy to
data which have been cassified infer the causes or sources the students
systematically. made the errors.
Last, she analyzes the data to infer The errors are identified and classified
causes and sources they made errors. into the subcategories of comparative
taxonomy.
The last step is errors evaluation and
make conclusion.
Truthworthiness
Truthworthiness
In this research, the researcher uses
triangulation for checking the
validity.
CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This research was analyzed based on Dulay et all
theory, the surface strategy taxonomy which
concerns on omission, addition, misinformation,
and misordering errors.
OMISSION ERROR
Omission error is characterized by the absence of a morpheme or a group of a morpheme that must appear in a
well-formed utterance.
Declarative: We always study Math twice a week.
Alya Naila R.’s answer: we always study Math a week? ( sentence number 1 in verbal Positive ). In this sentence,
the word do and twice is omitted, the correct sentence is: do we always study Math twice a week
ADDITIONAL ERROR
Additional error is characterized by the presence of item, which must not appear in well-formed utterance.
b. Declarative: Are Ficky does not talk about his holiday ?
F Salsa’s answer : Are Ficky does not talk about his holiday ? ( sentence number 7 in verbal negative). In this
sentence the word Are was added, the correct sentence is: Doesn’t Ficky talk about his holiday?
MISFORMATION ERROR
Misinformation error is characterized by the use of the wrong form of the morpheme or structure.
Declarative: He was fat two years ago.
Ayu Anita’s answer: Does fat he two years ago? ( sentence number 11 in nominal positive). In this sentence the
word does was incorrect. Does in this sentence categorized as alternating form in [Link]
correct sentence is: Was he fat two years ago.
MISORDERING ERRORS
Misordering is characterized by incorrect placement of morphemes or a group of morphemes or words in
utterance.
Declarative: Ficky does not talk about his holiday.
Eki Putri’s answer: Does Ficky not talk about his holiday? ( sentence number 7 in verbal negative). In this sentence
word not misplace. The correct sentence is: Does not Ficky talk about his holiday?
The Proportion of Students’ Grammatical Error in Deforming Declarative
into Interrogative Sentences
No Kind of Error Frequency Percentage
1 Omission 65 items 16,5 %
2 Addition 89 items 22,6%
3 Misinformation 136 items 34,6%
4 Misordering 103 items 26,2%
Total 393 items 100 %
DISCUSSION
The objectives of this research were to describe the
kinds of errors that students made in deforming
declarative into interrogative sentences based on
Surface Strategy Taxonomy, and to find out the
proportions (frequency and percentage) of errors that
the students made in deforming declarative into
interrogative sentences based on Surface Strategy
Taxonomy.
Based on the result of the research, after the
researcher identified the errors and classified them
based on surface strategy taxonomy includes :
omission, addition, misinformation, and misordering.
Then the researcher classified the types of errors and
determined the frequency of them.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
B. Suggestion
THANKS