METAL ROOFS

Introduction to Steel Roofs

Lecture # 1
METAL ROOFING
A metal roofing is a roofing system made from metal piece, or tiles. It is a component of the building envelope.
Advantages
very durable in cold weather
high percentage of recycled material and are 100% recyclable
Disadvantages
rusting (require maintenance to prevent corrosion)
copper and lead roofs can be targeted by metal thieves
high heat conductivity of metals (particularly copper and aluminum) requires careful incorporation of insulation
into the roof structure.
Applications metal roofing can be used for residential and commercial buildings. The same material used for
metal roofs can be used for siding as well. Metal roofing can also be applied over an existing roof.
MATERIAL TYPES
CORRUGATED GALVANIZED STEEL :
This describes the original product that was wrought iron–steel sheet coated with zinc and then
roll formed into corrugated [Link] product is still used today in most areas. the newer push
of modern architecture and "green" products has brought these products back to the foreground.
A blend of zinc, aluminum, and silicon-coated steel, sold under various trade names like
"zincalume", "galvalume", etc. sometimes left in the raw zinc finish, but more widely used as a
base metal under factory- coated colors.
METAL TILE SHEETS : These are usually painted or stone-coated steel.
STAINLESS STEEL : Available for harsh conditions and/or as a distinctive design element.
usually roll-formed into standing seam profiles; however, shingles are available.
MATERIAL TYPES
COPPER : Copper roofs offer corrosion resistance, durability, long life, low maintenance, radio frequency
shielding, lightning protection, and sustainability benefits. copper roofs are often one of the most architecturally
distinguishable features of prominent buildings, including churches, government buildings, and universities. today,
copper is used in roofing systems, flashings and copings, rain gutters and downspouts, domes, spires, vaults, and
various other architectural design elements
ALUMINIUM : One of the longest-lasting metals, but somewhat expensive compared to steel products. aluminum
roofs are very lightweight, corrosion-resistant, have high natural reflectivity and even higher natural emissivity,
increasing a building's energy efficiency. aluminum products with knar paints easily last over 50 years. the newest
innovation is anodizing of the aluminum coil stock for use in architectural details and standing seam panels..
STONE COATED STEEL. Panels made from zinc/almunium-coated steel with acrylic gel coating. the stones are
usually a natural product with a colored ceramic coating.
LEAD is often used for church roofs and porches.
TIN
Use of trusses in buildings
Trusses are used in a broad range of buildings, mainly where there is a requirement
for very long spans, such as in airport terminals, aircraft hangers, sports stadium
roofs, auditoriums and other leisure buildings.
Trusses are also used to carry heavy loads and are sometimes used as transfer
structures.
The trusses are widely used to serve two main functions:
1. To carry the roof load
2. To provide horizontal stability.
Why Steel Roofs?
There are numerous advantages to using steel trusses instead of traditional wood trusses but the main
reasons are simplicity and strength.
Some prefer to use the metal roof truss because the building of a structure is all about precision and metal
has a more precise measurement than wood.
Theses trusses are extremely simple to install.
You never have to worry about them rotting or deteriorating from the weather.
You also get more usable space inside your building.
WHY STEEL ROOF?
Wood trusses are less expensive truss per truss but they require you to install wood headers, the posts have
to be closer together and you have more trusses to install.
You generally have to protect the wood from the weather.
WHY STEEL ROOF?
Prefabricated steel trusses offer a high-strength, light-weight roof system that can be
installed quickly.
In residential construction, wood trusses still dominate the industry, where additional
strength is needed, or where greater free spans are required Steel roofs are preferred.
Advantages of Metal Roof Truss
Structures
1. Even though they are considered to be more expensive, metal roof trusses can span further than
wood.
2. Metal roof trusses can be manufactured to exact standards.
3. They are much more lightweight and this allows for larger shipments. This reduces the time it
takes to get to the project site.
4. Metal roof trusses are fire resistant.
5. They are compatible with almost all types of roofing systems.
6. No insect infestations can occur.
7. Chemical treatments are not necessary to maintain the trusses.
8. Metal roof trusses are recyclable and therefore environmentally friendly.
Disadvantages of Metal Roof Truss
Structures
1. Skilled labor is required to install metal roof trusses.
2. They are not energy efficient since they allow more heat to escape from the
structure.
3. Metal roof trusses allow sound to be more easily transmitted.
4. Temperature fluctuations allow them to move more.
5. When the metal is cut, drilled, scratched or welded, rust can become a problem.
6. The workers have a higher risk of electrocution when installing the metal roof
trusses.
 Different types of Wooden and Steel
Roof Trusses
A roof truss is basically a structure that includes one or multiple triangular units that include
straight slender members with their ends  connected via nodes.
King Post Truss
Queen Post Truss
Howe Truss
Pratt Truss
Fan Truss
North Light Roof Truss
Quadrangular Roof Truss
King Post Truss
King Post Truss is a wooden truss.
It can also be built of combination
of wood and steel.
It can be used for spans up to 8m
Queen Post Truss and Howe Truss
Queen Post Truss is also a wooden Howe Truss
truss.
It is made of combination of wood
It can be used for spans up to 10m. and steel.
The vertical members or tension
members are made of steel.
It can be used for spans from 6-
30m.
Pratt Truss and Fan Truss
Pratt Truss is made of steel. Vertical Fan Truss
members are tension and diagonal
members are compression. It is made of steel.

These are very economical form of In Fan Trusses, top chords are
roof trusses. divided into small lengths in order
to provide supports for purlins
It can be used for spans from 6-
10m. It can be used for spans from 10-
15m.
NORTH LIGHT TRUSSES
Introduction: North light trusses are
traditionally used for short spans in
industrial workshop-type buildings. They
allow maximum benefit to be gained from
natural lighting by the use of glazing on the
steeper pitch which generally faces north or
north-east to reduce the solar gain.
North light roof truss uses
*it is used in warehouse, industries,
factories, etc.
*north light trusses are traditionally used for
short spans in industrial workshop-type
buildings.
North Light Roof Truss
When the floor span exceeds 15m, it is generally more economical to change from a simple
truss arrangement to one employing wide span which support trusses at right angles.
In order to light up the space satisfactorily, roof lighting has to replace or supplement, side
lighting provision must also be made for ventilation form the roof.
One of the oldest and economical methods of covering large areas is the North Light.
This roof consists of a series of trusses fixed to girders. The short vertical side of the truss is
glazed so that when the roof is used in the Northern Hemisphere, the glazed portion faces
North for the best light.
It can be used for spans from 20-30m.
Used for industrial buildings, drawing rooms etc.
Quadrangular roof Trusses
Quadrangular Roof Truss (for large spans)
These trusses are used for large spans such as railway sheds and Auditoriums
Tubular Steel Truss
Tubular Steel Truss are used for large span constructions such as factories, industry work sheds,
shopping malls, huge exhibition center, multiplexes etc. They are generally used for spans as large
as 25-30m.
ADVANTAGES OF TUBULAR STEEL ROOF TRUSSES:-
30% to 40% less surface area than that of an equivalent rolled steel shape. Therefore, the cost of
maintenance, cost of painting or protective coatings reduce considerably.
The moisture and dirt do not collect on the smooth external surface of the tubes. Therefore, the
possibility of corrosion also reduces.
The ends of tubes are sealed. As a result of this, the interior surface is not subjected to corrosion.
The interior surface do not need any protective treatment.
They have more torsional resistance than other section of the equal weight.
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