Learning objectives
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
[Link] the meaning of parallelism
[Link] parallel structures
[Link] faulty parallelism
[Link] parallel structures in a personal recount
[Link] the importance of parallelism in writing
1
PARALLELISM
What is Parallelism?
✘This means that a noun should be with a
noun, a verb with a verb, an adjective
with an adjective, a with a phrase and a
clause with another clause.
3
1.I felt feverish, achy and nauseated.
(parallel words- adjective)
[Link] goals are making the soccer team,
earning good grades, and getting a job.
(parallel phrases- gerund)
4
[Link] we were disorganized, and that we
were rushed quickly became apparent.
(parallel clauses- noun)
4.I came. I saw. I conquered.(parallel
sentences-independent)
5
Faulty Parallelism
✘ Faulty parallelism occurs when a writer fails to use
equal grammatical structures to express related ideas.
Correct a sentence containing faulty parallelism by
rewriting it so that each parallel idea is expressed in the
same grammatical structure.
7
Faulty Parallelism
✘ Strength, agility and concentrating make a
successful wrestler, (noun;noun;gerund)
Corrected Sentence
✘ Strength, agility, and concentration make
a successful wrestler.(nouns)
Faulty Parallelism
✘ We are walking, jumped and skipped on the way.
(different forms of verbs)
Corrected Sentence
✘ We walked, jumped and skipped on the
way. (past tense of the verb)
Faulty Parallelism
✘ She had colors between red and blue, silver-
tipped, spiky hair.
Corrected Sentence
✘ She had purple, silver-tipped, spiky hair.
(adjective)
Faulty Parallelism
Lovingly, graciously and with full generosity,
she helped us out. (adverb and phrase)
Corrected Sentence
Lovingly, graciously and generously,
she helped us out. (adverb)
Faulty Parallelism
I will either take a bus or taxi.
(verb phrase; noun)
Corrected Sentence
I will either take a bus or hail a taxi.
(verb phrases)
Faulty Parallelism
We wondered who he was and an account of
activities there.
(clause-noun)
Corrected Sentence
We wondered who he was and what he was
doing there.(subordinate clauses)
13
Faulty Parallelism
✘ Samantha likes to run, jumping around in the backyard
and played with her friend Jorge yesterday. (mix up of
verb forms)
Corrected Sentence
✘ Samantha likes to run, to jump around in the
backyard and to play with her friend Jorge yesterday.
(infinitives)