Environmental Engineering
ENE 440
8th Semester
Civil Engineering Department, QCET Sahiwal
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Course Aim
Develop the student’s knowledge of
Principles of Environmental Engineering.
To design and Implementation of Water
Supply Schemes.
2
Outcome
Upon successful completion of the course, the student should
be able to comprehend:
Public Health Aspect of Water Supply
Water Supply Design
Water Quality Monitoring and Sampling
Water Treatment Technologies
3
TENTATIVE COURSE CONTENT
◦ Introduction to Environmental Engineering
◦ Water Quality Criteria and Standard
◦ Estimation of Water Consumption for Communities
◦ Principles of Process Engineering
◦ Water Treatment
◦ Sources of Waste Water
◦ Characteristics of Municipal and Industrial waste water
◦ Waste Water Treatment
◦ National Environmental Quality Standards
◦ Water Supply and Sewer Appurtenaces
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WARNINGS !!!
● Study in groups but submit work on your own
● No copying of project / assignments
● Severe penalty in case someone found cheating
● No make up quizzes or projects / assignments
● At least 80 % attendance is mandatory to appear in the exam
5
Recommended Books:
Water Supply & Waste Water Engineering book
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Module – 1
Introduction to Environmental
Engineering
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Introduction to Environmental Engineering
Environmental Engineering
It is the application of engineering principles towards the protection and enhancement
of the quality of environment and also towards the protection and enhancement of
public health and welfare.
Environment
In the simplest words environment is every thing that surrounds man. It includes air,
water, soil, plants and animal life.
Worth Of Environmental Engineering
Design and construction of water supply and sewerage
Design and construction of water and waste water treatment plants
Solid waste management
Air pollution control
Noise pollution control
Industrial pollution control
8
Sources of Environmental Pollution
Pollution
Any condition or substance resulting from human or natural
activity that adversely effect the quality of environment is called
pollution.
Examples
- Human Activity
Production and disposal of untreated waste water into water
bodies or cutting trees
- Natural Activity
Volcanic eruption result in disbursement of dust particles, So etc
2
which effect environment.
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Major Sources of Environmental Pollution
1) Municipal source
Domestic Sewage
Solid Waste
2) Industrial source
Heavy Metals
Acid & Alkalies
Cooling Waters
Organic Compounds
3) Agriculture source
Excessive use of Fertilizer
Excessive use of Pesticide
10
Pollution & Its Effect
Pollution of Water
Pollution of Air
Pollution of Land
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Introduction to Air Pollution
Definition
It refer to substances present in atmosphere in concentrations, high
enough to harm humans, animals, plants or other materials
Sources
1. Natural: e.g. smoke from forest fires caused by lightening, volcanic
eruption etc.
2. Anthropogenic: Pollution due to Human activity
Rapid urbanization with the associated growth is industry and vehicle
use has increased the problems of air pollution.
Major Air Pollutants
Include: suspended particulate matter CO, SO , NO lead and other
2 x
heavy metals, VOC(Volatile organic compounds e.g. small amount of
unburnt fuel from automobile exhaust).
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Major Sources of Air Pollution
Motor Vehicles
Miscellaneous Industry
Municipal Solid Waste
Agriculture
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Effects of Air Pollution
Short term exposure may result in
Eye irritation
Inflammation of respiratory tract
Suppression of immune system etc.
Long term exposure to toxic air pollutants may
cause
Cancer, asthama, respiratory infection etc.
Air pollution may result in acidification of lakes,
reduction in crop yield affect plant growth.
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Noise
Noise
Sound is called noise when it becomes disagreeable or
loud, particularly when it results in physiological harm.
Measuring Units
Relative loudness is expressed numerically using the
decibel (db) scale or a modified decibel scale called
decibel-A (dBA) which takes into account high pitched
sounds to which human ear is more sensitive.
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Effects of Noise
In addition to hearing loss, noise produces a number of
physiological effects in the body and physiological
stresses.
Physiological stresses are
Increase in heart beat
Dilates the pupils
Cause muscle contraction
Permanent constriction of blood vessels(due to long
exposure resulting in blood pressure)
Migraine headaches, nausea, dizziness
Gastric ulcers
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Sources of Noise & Control Measure
Road traffic noise
Air traffic noise
Neighborhood noise
Rail traffic noise
Occupational noise
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