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Brake System Principles and Types

The document discusses the principles and components of brake systems. It describes how brake systems use hydraulic pressure to transmit force from the brake pedal to the calipers or wheel cylinders to create friction that slows the wheels. It explains the types of brakes including disc brakes with floating calipers and vented rotors that dissipate heat, as well as drum brakes. The document also outlines the purpose of different brake components like the master cylinder and hydraulic lines that distribute equal pressure, and covers brake fluid specifications and anti-lock braking systems.

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Guru Simha
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13 views28 pages

Brake System Principles and Types

The document discusses the principles and components of brake systems. It describes how brake systems use hydraulic pressure to transmit force from the brake pedal to the calipers or wheel cylinders to create friction that slows the wheels. It explains the types of brakes including disc brakes with floating calipers and vented rotors that dissipate heat, as well as drum brakes. The document also outlines the purpose of different brake components like the master cylinder and hydraulic lines that distribute equal pressure, and covers brake fluid specifications and anti-lock braking systems.

Uploaded by

Guru Simha
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

By

C Gurusimha
Mechanical
07311A0347
OVERVIEW
BRAKE SYSTEM PRINCIPLE

TYPES

HYDRAULIC PRINCIPLE

BRAKE PEDAL DESIGN

BRAKE FLUID
Brake System Principles
 Kinetic
Energy
 Mass
 Weight
 Speed
 Inertia and
Momentum

Dynamic weight transfer caused


by braking shifts the weight
balance towards the front of the
car
Types
CONSTRUCTION:
Disc brakes
Drum brakes
PURPOSE:
Service brakes
Parking brakes
METHOD OF ACTUATION:
Mechanical brakes
Hydraulic brakes
Electric brakes
Vacuum brakes
Air brakes
Disk Brakes
 Caliper squeezes
pads to create force
on the surfaces of
the rotor.
 Used in most
automotive
applications.
 Benefits:
 Simple design
 Self adjusting
 Rotor venting allows
faster heat dissipation
Vented Rotors
Vented Rotors have Fins in the spaces
between their machined surfaces.
These spaces allow air to pass through,
which helps carry heat away.
Nonvented Rotor
Non Vented Rotors are used on smaller
vehicles, and have no cooling fins
Caliper Types
There are 2 types of Calipers
 Fixed
 Disc brakes use a caliper that is FIXED in
position and does not slide. They have pistons
on both sides of the disc. There may be 2 or 4
pistons per caliper
 Floating
 Much more common
 Single Piston
 Easier to work with
 On “inboard” side of caliper
Fixed Caliper
 Applies two
pistons to
opposite sides of
rotor
 Caliper stays
stationary
 Disc Brakes
require higher
hydraulic pressure
Floating caliper
 Piston pushes pad
against the inner
rotor surface,
reaction force
causes the caliper
to slide and
contact the outer
surface
Drum Brakes
 Expanding shoes
create force on the
inner surface of the
drum
 Used on the rear of
some trucks and
SUV’s
 Self-energizing design
requires less
activation force
 Require periodic
adjustment
Parking Brake

 Not an “Emergency” Brake


 Used specifically to keep a parked
vehicle from moving
 Usually on rear wheels only
 Mechanically operated
 Static Friction: at rest friction- More
friction
Typical System
Hydraulic Principles

 Fluids cannot be compressed


 Fluids can transmit Movement
 Acts “Like a steel rod” in a closed
container
 Master cylinder transmits fluid to wheel
cylinder or caliper piston bore.
 Fluids can transmit and increase
force
Force
Pressure
Area
Hydraulic pressure is
distributed equally in all
directions
Hydraulics
 Simplified Hydraulic Brake System
 Drum Brake
 Master Cylinder
 Disk Brake
Same line pressure to
all wheels
The applied
pressure can
be raised or
lowered by
piston size
Master Cylinder
 Provides a reservoir for brake fluid and
contains the driving pistons in the
hydraulic circuit
2 Types
Front - Rear split
-One piston for front brakes and one for rear
-If a leak occurs you could lose front brakes

Diagonally split
-One piston drives one front wheel and one rear wheel
-Diagonal layout allows you to maintain directional
control if a leak occurs
Diagonally Split System
Brake Pedal Design
Advantage by Leverage
 First Mechanical
Advantage is
Driver’s foot
 Length of Lever
determines force
applied
 Uses Fulcrum
 Pedal Ratio
10 5:1 2.5 inches
2 0.5 inch
5
DISADVANTAGES

•Excessive pedal travel


•Pedal feels soft and squishy
•Requires excessive effort to stop vehicle or
brakes to not function at all
Brake Fluid
 Properties of Brake Fluid
 Does not thicken or then with
changing heat
 Must not boil
 Must be compatible with brake parts
material
 Must lubricate internal parts
 Must not evaporate easily
Brake Fluid types
DOT= Department of Transportation

 DOT 3 and 4  DOT 5


 Polyglycol based • Silicone Based
 Most common • Used only for heavy
 Compatible with duty applications
• Very Expensive
one another
• Does not damage
 Inexpensive
paint
 Destroys paint
 Ruined by moisture
Fluid Contaminates
 Moisture- Lowers boiling point
 Petroleum Based Product-
 soften rubber parts causing swelling
 Dirt & Debris-
 causes corrosion
 Air and Vapors-
 Compressible prevents pressure from
reaching brakes
Anti-Lock Brakes
 A locked (sliding) wheel offers less
braking force than a decelerating rolling
wheel
 The locked wheel also produces little
lateral force, preventing steering control
 Anti-Lock systems (ABS) monitor wheel
lock-up and modulate brake pressure to
provide controlled braking under most
circumstances
 ABS controller and high-pressure pump
increase or reduce pressure to wheels in
order to maintain consistent wheel speeds
THANK
YOU

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