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CCNA Exam
Exam Number - 200-125
Total Marks - 1000
Duration – 90 Minutes
Passing score – 849
Questions 50-60 questions
Multiple Choice
Simulations
Drag and Drop
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• 200-120 CCNA v2.0 old
• 200-125 CCNA v3.0 new
Why study networking
Cisco Systems is the recognized worldwide
Career advancement ccna ,ccnp,ccie
Capitalizing on upcoming job opportunities
Salary increment
Every workplace and company needs network
administrator .
Cross platform concept juniper,zte and huawei etc
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• the average yearly salaries that a Cisco qualified
engineer can expect at the different levels:
• · CCENT - $65,000 ($6,000 more than those without)
• · CCNA - $79,000
• · CCNP - $90,000
• · CCIE - $120,000
• This obviously varies from company to company
,and from country to country with experience you
can generally experience these figures to increase.
Cisco Icons and Symbols
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Network Fundamentals
• A network links multiple computer systems
to enable them to share data and
resources.
• A networking is the commmunication
between the networked devices
• Categories of computer networks for
business and organizations:
– Local area network (LAN)
– Wide area network (WAN)
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Network Fundamentals
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Network Fundamentals
• LAN
– Uses cables, radio waves, or infrared signals
– Links computers in a limited geographic area
– Connects physically adjacent devices
– Control the network privately under local administrator
• WAN
– Uses long-distance transmission media
– operates over large geographical locations
– Allows access over serial interfaces
– Links computer systems a few miles or thousands of miles apart
– The Internet is the largest WAN
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Network Fundamentals
• Communication devices
convert data into signals to
travel over a medium.
– Computers
– Modems
– Routers
– Switches
– Network interface cards (NICs)
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Network devices
• HUB
– Hub is generally used to interconnect the network devices so that
they can communicate each other
– It does broadcasting all the time
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Network devices
• A node is any device connected to a
network.
• Network interface card (NIC)
– An expansion board or adapter that provides a
connection between the computer and the
network
– Notebook computers have wireless NICs
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Network Interface Card
A network interface card (NIC) is a printed circuit board
that provides network communication capabilities to and
from a personal computer. Also called a LAN adapter.
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Hub
Connects a group of Hosts
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Bridge
Switch
Switches add more
intelligence to data transfer
management.
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Router
Routers are used to connect networks together
Route packets of data from one network to another
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Network Fundamentals
• Wireless access point
(WAP)
– Receives and transmits
radio signals
– Joins wireless nodes to a
wired network
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Bandwidth
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Advantages of Networking
• Hardware cost reduction
• Sharing of information, data, and applications
• Data management centralization
• Linking of people
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Local Area Networks
• Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks
– Share files without a file server
– Are easy to set up
– Are best used for home or small offices with no
more than 10 computers
– Do not require a network operating system
– Can be slow if there are too many users
– Security is not strong
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Local Area Networks
• Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks
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Local Area Networks
• Client/server networks
– Made up of one or more file servers and clients
(any type of computer)
– Client software enables requests to be sent to
the server
– Wired or wireless connections
– Do not slow down with heavy use
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Local Area Networks
• Virtual private network
– Operates over the Internet
– Is accessible by authorized users for quick
access to corporate information
– Uses secure, encrypted connections and
special software
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Local Area Networks
• LAN topologies
– Network topology is the physical design of a
LAN.
– Topology resolves contention, the conflict
that occurs when two or more computers on
the network attempt to transmit at the same
time.
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Local Area Networks
• LAN topologies
– Bus topology
• Practical for home or small office
• One node transmits at a time
– Star topology
• For office buildings, computer labs, and WANs
• Easy to add users
– Ring topology
• For a division of a company or one floor
• Not in common use today
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Local Area Networks
• LAN protocols
– LAN technologies
• Ethernet is the most-used LAN protocol.
– The most popular versions are Ethernet star networks,
which use twisted-pair wiring and switches.
– Wi-Fi
• Uses radio waves to provide a wireless LAN standard
at Ethernet speeds
• Needs a central access point, which could be a
wireless router
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Wide Area Networks
• WAN protocols
– Circuit switching
• Used by the public switched telephone network
to send data over a physical end-to-end circuit
• Provides a direct connection between devices
– Packet switching
• Used for computer communication
• Divides and sends outgoing messages as packets, which
are reassembled upon receipt
• More efficient and less expensive than circuit switching
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Wide Area Networks
• WAN protocols
– Internet protocols
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
– Defines how Internet-connected computers can exchange,
control, and confirm messages
• Internet Protocol (IP)
– Provides a distinct identification to any computer
connected to the Internet: the IP address
• TCP/IP
– Together, they define how the Internet works.
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Wide Area Networks
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Wide Area Networks
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Wide Area Networks
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Wide Area Networks
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Home Networks
• Wired Home Networks
– Ethernet networks link computers with a
switch or router.
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Home Networks
• Wireless Home Networks
– Wi-Fi is the wireless standard.
• Uses radio signals
• Communicates through network access points
• Needs wireless adapter or router
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LANs
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WANs
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Network Topologies
Network topology defines the structure of the network.
One part of the topology definition is the physical topology, which is
the actual layout of the wire or media.
The other part is the logical topology,which defines how the media
is accessed by the hosts for sending data.
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Bus Topology
A bus topology uses a single backbone cable that is
terminated at both ends.
All the hosts connect directly to this backbone.
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Ring Topology
A ring topology connects one host to the next and the last host to
the first.
This creates a physical ring of cable.
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Star Topology
A star topology connects all cables to a central point of
concentration.
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Mesh Topology
A mesh topology is implemented to provide as much
protection as possible from interruption of service.
Each host has its own connections to all other hosts.
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Virtual Private Network
A VPN is a private network that is constructed within a public network
infrastructure such as the global Internet. Using VPN, a telecommuter
can access the network of the company headquarters through the
Internet by building a secure tunnel between the telecommuter’s PC
and a VPN router in the headquarters.
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