PON AND FTTX
PHIL LOMBOY
PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
A passive optical network (PON) is a telecommunications network that
uses point-to-multipoint fiber to the premises in which unpowered
optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve
multiple premises.
PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
A PON consists of an optical line terminal (OLT) at the service
provider's central office and a number of optical network units (ONUs)
near end users. A PON reduces the amount of fiber and central office
equipment required compared with point-to-point architectures. A
passive optical network is a form of fiber-optic access network.
PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
A PON consists of a central office node, called an optical line
terminal (OLT), one or more user nodes, called optical network units
(ONUs) or optical network terminals (ONTs), and the fibers and
splitters between them, called the optical distribution network
(ODN).
PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
An OLT provides the interface between a PON and a service provider′s
core network. These typically include:
IP traffic over Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, or 10 Gigabit Ethernet;
Standard TDM interfaces such as SDH/SONET;
ATM UNI at 155–622 Mbit/s.
PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
“ONT” is an ITU-T term to
describe a single-tenant ONU. In
multiple-tenant units, the ONU
may be bridged to a customer
premises device within the
individual dwelling unit.
An ONU is a device that
terminates the PON and presents
customer service interfaces to the
user. Some ONUs implement a
separate subscriber unit to
provide services such as
telephony, Ethernet data, or
video.
FIBER TO THE X
Fiber to the x (FTTX) is a generic
term for any broadband network
architecture using optical fiber
to provide all or part of the local
loop used for last mile
telecommunications. The term is
a generalization for several
configurations of fiber
deployment, ranging from FTTN
(fiber to the neighborhood) to
FTTD (fiber to the desktop).
FIBER TO THE NODE
Fiber to the node or neighborhood
(FTTN), sometimes identified with and
sometimes distinguished from fiber to
the cabinet (FTTC), is a
telecommunication architecture based
on fiber-optic cables run to a cabinet
serving a neighborhood. Customers
typically connect to this cabinet using
traditional coaxial cable or twisted pair
wiring. The area served by the cabinet
is usually less than one mile in radius
and can contain several hundred
customers. (If the cabinet serves an
area of less than 1,000 ft (300 m) in
radius, the architecture is typically
called FTTC/FTTK.)
FIBER TO THE CURB
Fiber to the curb/cabinet (FTTC) is
a telecommunications system
based on fiber-optic cables run to
a platform that serves several
customers. Each of these
customers has a connection to this
platform via coaxial cable or
twisted pair. The "curb" is an
abstraction and can just as easily
mean a pole-mounted device or
communications closet or shed.
Typically any system terminating
fiber within 1,000 ft (300 m) of the
customer premises equipment
would be described as FTTC.
FIBER TO THE PREMISES
Fiber to the premises (FTTP) is a
form of fiber-optic
communication delivery, in
which an optical fiber is run in
an optical distribution network
from the central office all the
way to the premises occupied
by the subscriber. The term
"FTTP" has become ambiguous
and may also refer to FTTC
where the fiber terminates at a
utility pole without reaching the
premises.
FIBER TO THE PREMISES
FTTH (fiber to the home) is a
form of fiber-optic
communication delivery that
reaches one living or working
space. The fiber extends from
the central office to the
subscriber's living or working
space. Once at the subscriber's
living or working space, the
signal may be conveyed
throughout the space using any
means, including twisted pair,
coaxial cable, wireless, power
line communication, or optical
fiber.
FIBER TO THE PREMISES
FTTB (fiber to the building or
basement) is a form of fiber-optic
communication delivery that
necessarily applies only to those
properties that contain multiple
living or working spaces. The
optical fiber terminates before
actually reaching the subscribers
living or working space itself, but
does extend to the property
containing that living or working
space. The signal is conveyed the
final distance using any non-optical
means, including twisted pair,
coaxial cable, wireless, or power
line communication.
ACTIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
AONs rely on electrically
powered network equipment to
distribute the signal, such as a
switch or router. Normally,
signals need optical-electrical-
optical transformation in the
AON. Each signal leaving the
central office is directed only to
the customer for whom it is
intended.
END