SINGLE-PHASE CONTROLLED

RECTIFIER

NJ
2.2 Single phase controlled rectifiers
2.21 Introduction
2.22 Controlled half-wave, R-load
2.23 Controlled half-wave, R-L load

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 2.21 Controlled half-wave, R-load
 The half-wave rectifier can be controlled by using a
SCR(thyristor) instead of a diode
 Two conditions must be met before the SCR can conduct:
i) The SCR must be FB
ii) A current must be applied to the gate of the SCR
 2.21 Controlled half-wave, R-load
ON
• Unlike the diode, the SCR vs
will not begin to conduct as
soon as the source becomes OFF wt
positive vo
• Conduction is delayed until a
gate current is applied which OFF
is the basis for using the wt
a
SCR as a means of control
• Once SCR is conducting, the io
gate current can be removed
and the SCR remains on wt
until the current goes to zero ig
• The firing angle, α refers to the
point on the waveform from wt
vSCR a
where the thyristors start
conducting vSCR  vs  vo
- The Thyristor (SCR) turns OFF
itself when io reduces to zero
wt
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 2.21 Controlled half-wave, R-load

1 
Vo  Vave  VDC  
2 
Vm sin(t ) dt
Vo , rms 
1
 [Vm sin(  t )] 2
d (t )
2 0
Vm
 [1  cos  ]
2 Vm  sin( 2 )
 1 
2  2

Vo , rms
I o , rms 
R

Vo , rms 2
P  Io , rms 2
R
R

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 Example 6
 Design a controlled half-wave rectifier circuit to produce an
average voltage of 40V across 100 load resistor from a
120V 60 Hz ac source. Determine the power absorbed by
the resistor and the power factor.

1 1

Vo  Vave  VDC  
2 
Vm sin(t ) dt Vo , rms   [Vm sin(  t )] 2
d (t )
2 0
Vm
 [1  cos  ] Vm  sin( 2 )
2  1 
2  2
Vo , rms
I o , rms 
R Vo , rms 2
P  Io , rms 2
R
R

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Solution:

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 2.22 Controlled half-wave, R-L load
vs ON

OFF
wt
vo
ON
• When Vs is positive, the Vo will be
zero until the gate current is applied OFF
wt
to turn on the SCR a b
• when we applied the gate current, io
SCR is in forward conduction
mode, thus io starts to increase
• When Vs becomes zero, io is still wt
positive (bcoz L stored energy),
ig
• when Vs becomes negative, L wt
starts to release the energy, and
current begin to decrease vSCR
• So they will be a negative portion vSCR  vs  vo
for the Vo
• Then, Vo becomes negative as L wt
releasing the stored energy
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 2.22 Controlled half-wave, R-L load
 V  
  t 

[sin( wt   )  sin(   )e  for   t  
 
 m
i ( wt )   Z 
0 otherwise

 L  L
and Z  R 2  (L ) 2 ,   tan 1  ,  
 R  R

2 
1 1 2  
  i (t ) d (t ) 
2 
i (t ) d (t )
2
I o ,rms
2

1
Io  
2 
i (t ) d (t )  

Extinction angle β can be solved numerically   = conduction angle

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Example 7
 For the circuit shown below, the source is 120V at 60 Hz,
R=20, L=0.04H, β =3.79 rad and the delay angle is 45o.
Determine:
a) an expression for i(ωt)
b) the average current
c) the power absorbed by the resistor
d) the power factor.
 Vm  
   wt 
 
 [sin( wt   )  sin(   ) e 
for   t  
i ( wt )  
 Z


0 otherwise

 L  L
and Z  R 2  ( L ) 2 ,   tan 1  ,  
 R  R

1 
1 2
Io 
2  i(t ) d (t ) Io,rms  
2 
i (t) d(t)
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Solution:

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