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Matrix Methods for Thick Lenses

This document discusses thick lenses, which are lenses whose thickness along the optical axis cannot be ignored without causing errors in analysis. It defines the six cardinal points of a thick lens and provides the basic equations for calculating the focal lengths, positions of the principal planes and nodal points, and the thick lens formula. An example problem is also included, showing the calculation of the focal lengths and positions of the principal planes for a specific biconvex lens immersed in water.

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Asim Idrees
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70 views4 pages

Matrix Methods for Thick Lenses

This document discusses thick lenses, which are lenses whose thickness along the optical axis cannot be ignored without causing errors in analysis. It defines the six cardinal points of a thick lens and provides the basic equations for calculating the focal lengths, positions of the principal planes and nodal points, and the thick lens formula. An example problem is also included, showing the calculation of the focal lengths and positions of the principal planes for a specific biconvex lens immersed in water.

Uploaded by

Asim Idrees
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Matrix Methods in

Paraxial Optics
Chap 18

Thick Lens
THICK LENS:
THICK LENS IS A LENS WHOSE THICKNESS ALONG ITS OPTICAL AXIS CANNOT BE IGNORED WITHOUT
LEADING TO SERIOUS ERRORS IN ANALYSIS.
SIX CARDINAL POINTS: APPLICABLE TO ANY OPTICAL SYSTEM
FIRST AND SECOND SYSTEM FOCAL POINTS (F1 AND F2);
FIRST AND SECOND PRINCIPAL POINTS (H1 AND H2);
FIRST AND SECOND NODAL POINTS (N1 AND N2).
PLANES NORMAL TO THE AXIS AT THESE POINTS ARE CALLED CARDINAL PLANES.
Basic Equations:
Focal length:
1 nL  n nL  n  nL  n  nL  n t
  
f1 nR2 nR1 nnL R1 R2
n
f2   f1
n
Position of principal planes:
n L  n nL  n
r f1t s f 2t
n L R2 n L R1
Position of nodal points:
Distances are directed,
 n  n  n   n n n  positive or negative by a sign
v  1   L t  f1 w  1   L t  f 2
 n n L R2   n n L R1  convention that makes
Thick lens formula: distances directed to the left
f1 f 2 nsi negative and distances to the
 1 m
so si nso right, positive.
Properties:

H1 H 2  N1 N 2 H 1 N1  H 2 N 2
If n=n, then r=v and s=w
F1 H1  N 2 F2 F2 H 2  N1 F1
Example: Determine the focal lengths and the principal points for a 4-cm thick, biconvex
lens with refractive index of 1.52 and radii of curvature of 25 cm, when the lens caps the
end of a long cylinder filled with water (n=1.33).
Solution: nL=1.52, n=1, n=1.33, t=4 cm,
The first refraction surface is a convex plane, so R1=25cm.
The second one is a concave plane, so R2=25cm. According to equation
1 nL  n nL  n  nL  n  nL  n t
  
f1 nR2 nR1 nnL R1 R2
we can get f1=35.74cm to the left of the first principal plane. From
n
f 2   f1
n

we have f2=47.53cm to the right of the second principal plane. Equations


n L  n nL  n
r f1t s f 2t
n L R2 n L R1

give us r=0.715cm and s=2.60cm.

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