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Disasters' Impact on Development Dynamics

This document discusses the relationship between disasters and development. It notes that disasters can negatively impact development by setting it back through the loss of resources, diversion of manpower, economic disruption, and damage to infrastructure like housing, agriculture, education, and health. However, disasters can also provide opportunities to build back better through mitigation and making reconstruction more resilient. Additionally, development itself can both increase and decrease vulnerability - through unsafe practices it can increase risk, but structural measures, land use planning, and other programs can help reduce vulnerability if done sustainably. The relationship is thus complex with both positive and negative interactions and impacts over time.

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Manish Singhal
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3 views21 pages

Disasters' Impact on Development Dynamics

This document discusses the relationship between disasters and development. It notes that disasters can negatively impact development by setting it back through the loss of resources, diversion of manpower, economic disruption, and damage to infrastructure like housing, agriculture, education, and health. However, disasters can also provide opportunities to build back better through mitigation and making reconstruction more resilient. Additionally, development itself can both increase and decrease vulnerability - through unsafe practices it can increase risk, but structural measures, land use planning, and other programs can help reduce vulnerability if done sustainably. The relationship is thus complex with both positive and negative interactions and impacts over time.

Uploaded by

Manish Singhal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Linking

Disasters and
Development.
The Relationship Between
Disaster and Development
Development Realm

Positive Realm
Negative Realm

- +
Disasters can
set back
development

Disaster Realm
How do Disasters set back
development ?
• Loss of Resources
• Diversion of manpower and resources to relief, rehabilitation
and reconstruction.
• Disruption to the economic growth
• Postponement or cancellation of development programs
• Negative Impact on Investment Climate
• Disruption in different Sectors
Agriculture Disaster affect every
sector of our
Health
economy

Education

Housing

Infrastructure
Disaster Impact on infrastructure
Disaster damages the :

•Roads, bridges & rail network . Ships and harbour.


•Electric systems
•Transmission substations
•Distribution circuits
•Power Generation plants
•Communication systems, stations or transmitters
Disaster Impact on Housing
Disaster impact on
Agriculture
Disaster Impact on Education
Impact of the disaster on the development
can continue for years…

Full
Damage Reconstruction
and Economic
Recovery

5 yrs
Indirect
Damage

Time, months
The relationship between
disaster and development
Development Realm

Positive Realm
Negative Realm

- +
Disasters can
provide
development
opportunities

Disaster Realm
Mainstreaming DRR into
Housing
“Build Back Better”

Disaster resilient housing and provision of escape


Houses in Gujarat after 2001 routes in Nagapattinam after Tsunami.
earthquake
Disasters can provide Development
Opportunities

• Introduction of mitigation measures in


repair, reconstruction, relocation and
new investment .
Courtesy: NSET Nepal

Courtesy: NSET Nepal

Courtesy: NSET Nepal


The Relationship Between
Disaster and Development
Development Realm

Development

Positive Realm
Negative Realm

can increase
- vulnerability +

Disaster Realm
Development can increase
vulnerability
• Unsafe construction in
hazardous location

• Failure of dams can

increase flood risk


Agriculture/Environment Disaster in Nepal
• Forest Degradation : forest cover from 38 % in 1978/79 to 29
% in 1994.
• Development work like road construction in mountain has
added to disasters like floods, landslides and soil erosion.
• Soil erosion has lead to depletion of organic matter.
• Declined soil productivity has lead to stagnancy in crop
production.
• Nepal, which was once a rice exported is now a rice importer.
Year Death of Total Financial Degraded Land
Person Loss* Area (ha)
s (US $
000)

1984 363 2,050 1,240

1988 328 341,223 -

1989 680 90,760 -

1990 307 1,502 1,130

1991 93 494 280

1992 71 252 140

1993 1336 99,110 5,580

1994 49 1,192 390

1995 - 41,870

1996 258 208,787 7,793

1997 78 1,649 -

1998 273 28,854 -

Source: MOHA (1999) ; DPTC (1997)


* Includes loss of livestock, agricultural land, houses, roads, etc.
The relationship between
disaster and development
Development Realm

Development
Negative Realm

Positive Realm
can reduce
vulnerability
+
-

Disaster Realm
How can Development reduce
vulnerability ?
• Structural measures
– Earthquake or cyclone resistant buildings and houses
– Flood control measures
– Critical Facilities such as health centers, schools and government facilities
are made stronger
• Land use planning
• Agricultural and forestry programs
– Watershed Program(Reduce erosion, landslide, flash flooding, change of
cropping patterns reduce effects of droughts )
• Improvements in transportation and communications can facilitate evacuation
and disaster relief accessibility
• Public awareness programs can help people and communities know what to
do to protect themselves
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT

More resources
directed towards
community
development &
poverty reduction
The Relationship Between
Disaster and Development
Development Realm

Positive Realm
Development can Development can
Negative Realm

increase reduce vulnerability


vulnerability

- +
Disasters can
Disasters can set
provide development
back development opportunities

Source: [Link], Ph.D.


Disaster Realm
THANK YOU

Anisha Modi
Assistant Professor
Center for Disaster Management , OTS
anisha12345@[Link]
9352236053

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