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Earthing Systems: Overview and Importance

The document provides an overview of basic electrical concepts including earthing, overload relays, miniature circuit breakers, moulded case circuit breakers, air circuit breakers, and IP ratings. Some key points covered are: 1. Earthing is important for safety, equipment protection, and power system reliability but is often neglected. Proper earthing connects equipment to deeper ground soil via metal links. 2. Equipment that should be earthed includes electrical devices, neutral points, lightning arrestors, batteries, transformers, cables, structures, and poles. 3. Overload relays provide overcurrent protection and can also protect against single phasing. Circuit breakers like MCBs and

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Susanta roy
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9 views20 pages

Earthing Systems: Overview and Importance

The document provides an overview of basic electrical concepts including earthing, overload relays, miniature circuit breakers, moulded case circuit breakers, air circuit breakers, and IP ratings. Some key points covered are: 1. Earthing is important for safety, equipment protection, and power system reliability but is often neglected. Proper earthing connects equipment to deeper ground soil via metal links. 2. Equipment that should be earthed includes electrical devices, neutral points, lightning arrestors, batteries, transformers, cables, structures, and poles. 3. Overload relays provide overcurrent protection and can also protect against single phasing. Circuit breakers like MCBs and

Uploaded by

Susanta roy
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Basic Electrical

PRESENTED BY
Ravindra Singh
Earthing (Overview)

1. Preamble :
Though there is legal binding on Electric utilities to
measure the values of earth electrode resistance, to monitor the
same in regular intervals and to improve the values, there is
negligence at all levels.
Unfortunately there is no culture developed to measure
earth electrode resistance measurement, even of the new work,
after the electrode is cast, and there is no culture of monitoring of
values later on, leave aside the improvement of the values by way
of maintenance.
I am sure, by developing the awareness of the earth system
during the deliberation here,
you can take guide lines from the above discussions, and maintain
your earthing systems without going into confusion.
2. What is earthing ?

Earthing is a connection done through a metal link


between the body of any electrical appliance, or
neutral point, as the case may be from the deeper
ground soil. The metal link is normally of MS flat,
CI flat, GI wire which should be penetrated to the
ground earth grid.
3. Necessity of earthing
Protection
(a) Safety of personnel
(b) Safety of Equipment
Prevent or at least minimize damage to equipment as
a result of flow of heavy currents.
(c) Improvement of the reliability of the Power System.
4. Classification of Earthing
The earthing is broadly divided as
a) System earthing (Connection between part of
plant in an operating system like L V neutral of a
power Transformer winding) and earth.
b) Equipment earthing (Safety grounding) Connecting
bodies of equipment (like motor body, Transformer
tank, Switch gear box, operating rods of air break
switches, LV breaker body, HV breaker body, Feeder
breaker bodies etc) to earth.
5. What are to be earthed
(a) Bodies of all the Electrical equipments
(b) Neutral earthing
(c) Lightning arrestor earthing
(d) Battery mid point earthing
(e) Tryfold winding earthing
(f) Cable sheathe earthing
(g) Structures in substations.
(h) Pole earthing.
(i) Control Panel Earthing.
OVERLOAD RELAY
 Single slide: O/L protection
 Double slide: O/L protection + Single phasing.

 × Set Current Tripping Time


1.05 >=2h
1.2 <=2h
1.5 <2 mins
7.2 2-10 S
MCB(MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER)
 Protection- Overload + Short circuit
overload depends on Thermal characteristics and short circuit
depends on magnetic characteristics.
Short circuit Current of MCB:
6 KA for 6-63 A
10 KA for 0.5-63 A
MCCB(MOULDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER)
 MCCB Selection Parameters:
1. Current rating
2. Braking Capacity
3. Type of Protection(Thermal/Microprocessor)
4. System Voltage
ACB(AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER)
 ACB Part: Handle assembly, Release assembly, Tripping assembly,
Pole assembly.
 Specification of ACB:
Ue- Rated operational voltage
Ui- Uimp Rated insulation withstand voltage.
In- Normal Rated Current
Icu- Rated Ultimate Short circuit braking capacity
Ics- Rated service short circuit braking capacity
Icw- Rated short time withstand capacity
Ics<=Icu
Breaker Duty Cycle:
o-co and o-co-co
Depend upon Ics [Operation make and braking Capacity]
IP

No protection Protection against No protection Protection against


0 solid objects 0 liquids

Protected against solid Protected against vertically

1
objects up to 50mm e.g.
accidental touch by hands
1 falling drops of water e.g.
condensation.

Protected against direct


Protection against solid
objects up to 12.5mm e.g.
2 sprays of water up to 15°
from vertical
2 fingers
Protected against direct
3 sprays of water up to 60°
from vertical
Protected against solid
objects over 2.5mm (tools +
3 wires) Protected against low
4 pressure jets of water from
all directions
Protected against solid Protected against low

4
objects up to 1mm (tools,
wires + small wires) 5 pressure jets of water from
all directions

Protected against strong jets


Protected against dust
(no harmful deposits)
6 of water from all directions.

5 Protected against the effects


7 of immersion between 15cm
and 1m.
Totally protected against dust
Protected against long
6 8 periods of immersion under
pressure. …m

Finn Jonasson / DKDD-KKS


RTD CONTROLLER

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