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Understanding Pericarditis: Causes & Care

Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. It can be acute or chronic. Common causes include infections, myocardial infarction, trauma, and autoimmune disorders. Symptoms include chest pain that worsens with breathing, swallowing, or movement. Diagnosis involves physical exam, electrocardiogram, x-ray, and echocardiogram. Treatment focuses on relieving pain and inflammation with medications like aspirin, indomethacin, or steroids. Complications can include pericardial effusion, thickening, cardiac tamponade. Prognosis depends on severity of the pericarditis and involvement of other organs.

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123 views17 pages

Understanding Pericarditis: Causes & Care

Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. It can be acute or chronic. Common causes include infections, myocardial infarction, trauma, and autoimmune disorders. Symptoms include chest pain that worsens with breathing, swallowing, or movement. Diagnosis involves physical exam, electrocardiogram, x-ray, and echocardiogram. Treatment focuses on relieving pain and inflammation with medications like aspirin, indomethacin, or steroids. Complications can include pericardial effusion, thickening, cardiac tamponade. Prognosis depends on severity of the pericarditis and involvement of other organs.

Uploaded by

Ai Mio
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PERICARDITIS

Definisi:

• Inflamasi pada
lapisan perikardium
jantung
• Lapisan luar & dalam
• Acute atau Chronic
Normal

√
PERICARDITIS
x
nflamasi pada lapisan perikardium
PERICARDITIS ETIOLOGI
6. Infections
1. Idiopathic
– Bacteria, Viral, Fungal, Protozoa
2. Myocardial Infarction
7. Aortic Aneurysm
3. Trauma 8. Radiation
4. Post-Operative 9. Gangguan Metabolik
– Post Cardiotomy
– Uraemia/Myxedema
– Post Thoracotomy
10. Connective Tissue
5. Malignancy
Disorder cth SLE
– Leukemia
– Limfoma
PERICARDITIS

PATOFISIOLOGI

Punca (etiologi) menyerang lapisan pericardium

 proses inflamasi berlaku

 Inflamasi
PERICARDITIS
MANIFESTASI KLINIKAL
1. Sakit Dada
- bermula perikordial
- moderate to severe
- ↑ inspirasi, movement, changes of position
exercise atau swallowing
2. Pericardial rub – pada kiri sternum
3. ↑ Suhu badan – jangkitan
4. ↑ Jugular vein pressure
PERICARDITIS

MANIFESTASI KLINIKAL
5. ↓ Cardiac Output
6. Haemoptysis
7. Dyspneoa
8. Tarchycardia
9. Cyanosis / Pallor
10. Pleural Effusion
PENGURUSAN

1. Pengambilan Sejarah
a) Specific Complaints:
- ↑ pericardial pain
b) Non Specific Complaints :
- URTI
- Fever
- Gen body ache / malaise
PERICARDITIS
2. Pemeriksaan Fizikal
a) Inspection (Cyanosis, pallor, distended
neck vein, dyspnea)
b) Palpation – Tachycardia
c) Percussion – Dullness
d) Auscultation – Normal Heart Sound x
ada ‘percardial rub’ √

3. Radiology – Serial X-Ray

4. Echocardiography
Normal x-ray chest AP view

PERICARDITIS effusion
PERICARDITIS
PERICARDITIS
5. ECG
– ST Segment Elevated
– T wave normal in early stage, later become inverted

6. Full Blood Count


7. Full Blood Picture (?)
8. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (?)
9. Blood C & S
PERICARDITIS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

1. Lung Diseases
(PTB, Pneumonia, Empyema, Pleurisy)
2. Cardiac Diseases
(Angina, MI, Infective Endocarditis)
3. Myalgia
PERICARDITIS
RAWATAN
1. RIB 5. Antibiotic
2. Peri-cardial-centesis 6. Rx Symptomatic
3. Analgesic 7. Supportive
– Aspirin 150-300mg BD - O2 / 3-5liters per min
4. Anti-Inflammatory - I/V
- Indomethacine 25 -50mg 8. Steroids
BD/TDS
- Prednisolone 20–40mg
Dly
PERICARDITIS

Peri-cardio-centesis

Nice to know, but not


to do!!!
PERICARDITIS
KOMPLIKASI

1. Efusi Perikardium
2. Ketebalan Perikardium
3. Perikarditis Kronik
4. Edema Pulmonari
5. Septicemia
6. Cardiac Tamponade (emergency!!)
PERICARDITIS

PENDIDIKAN KESIHATAN
• Makan ubat ikut arahan
• Datang rawatan susulan
• Mengawal berat badan
• X Merokok X Alkohol
• Senaman ringan
• Kebersihan diri.
PERICARDITIS

PROGNOSIS
Bergantung kepada keterukan serangan
perikarditis dan sekunder kebahagian lain

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