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Variance Formulas for Grouped and Ungrouped Data

Variance is a measurement of how far data values are spread from the mean. It can be calculated for both grouped and ungrouped data using different formulas. For ungrouped data, population variance is calculated as the sum of the squared deviations from the mean divided by the number of data points. Sample variance for ungrouped data is similar but divides by one less than the number of data points. For grouped data, population variance sums the frequency multiplied by the squared deviation from the mean and divides by the total number of data points. Sample variance for grouped data is calculated the same way but divides by one less than the total number of data points.

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Juliet C. Clemente
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1K views17 pages

Variance Formulas for Grouped and Ungrouped Data

Variance is a measurement of how far data values are spread from the mean. It can be calculated for both grouped and ungrouped data using different formulas. For ungrouped data, population variance is calculated as the sum of the squared deviations from the mean divided by the number of data points. Sample variance for ungrouped data is similar but divides by one less than the number of data points. For grouped data, population variance sums the frequency multiplied by the squared deviation from the mean and divides by the total number of data points. Sample variance for grouped data is calculated the same way but divides by one less than the total number of data points.

Uploaded by

Juliet C. Clemente
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Variance
  • Variance Formulas
  • Formulas for Ungrouped Data
  • Formulas for Grouped Data
  • Example Calculations
  • Closing

VARIANCE

GROUPED DATA
&
UNGROUPED DATA
JULIET C. CLEMENTE
DISCUSSANT
What is Variance?
Variance (σ2) in statistics is a
measurement of the spread between
numbers in a data set. That is, it
measures how far each number in the
set is from the mean and therefore
from every other number in the set.
 In probability theory and statistics, the variance
formula measures how far a set of numbers are
spread out. It is a numerical value and is used
to indicate how widely individuals in a group
vary. If individual observations vary
considerably from the group mean, the variance
is big and vice versa.
 A variance of zero indicates that all the
values are identical. It should be noted that
variance is always non-negative- a small
variance indicates that the data points tend
to be very close to the mean and hence to
each other while a high variance indicates
that the data points are very spread out
around the mean and from each other.
Variance Formulas
Variance can be of either grouped or
ungrouped data. To recall, a variance can of
two types which are:
 Variance of a population
 Variance of a sample
The variance of a population is denoted by
σ2 and the variance of a sample by s2.
Variance Formulas for Ungrouped Data
Formula For Population Variance

The variance of a population for ungrouped


data is defined by the following formula:

σ  = ∑ (x − x̅)  / n
2 2
Formula for Sample Variance
The variance of a sample for ungrouped data is
defined by a slightly different formula:
 s  = ∑ (x − x̅)  / n − 1
2 2

Where,
σ  = Variance
2

x = Item given in the data


x̅ = Mean of the data
n = Total number of items
s  = Sample variance
2
Variance Formulas for Grouped Data
Formula for Population Variance
The variance of a population for grouped
data is:
σ2 = ∑ f (m − x̅)2 / n
Formula for Sample Variance
The variance of a sample for
grouped data is:
s2 = ∑ f (m − x̅)2 / n − 1
Where,
f = frequency of the class
m = midpoint of the class
For Ungrouped
Variance Type For Grouped Data
Data
Population Variance σ  = ∑ (x − x̅)  / n
2 2
σ  = ∑ f (m − x̅)  / n
2 2

Formula

Sample Variance s  = ∑ (x − x̅)  / n − 1


2 2
s  = ∑ f (m − x̅)  / n − 1
2 2

Formula
(Sample Variance for Ungrouped Data)
Question: 
Find the variance for the following set of data representing trees
heights in feet: 3, 21, 98, 203, 17, 9
Solution:
Step 1: Add up the numbers in your given data set.
3 + 21 + 98 + 203 + 17 + 9 = 351
Step 2: Square your answer:
351 × 351 = 123201
…and divide by the number of items. We have 6 items in our
example so:
123201/6 = 20533.5
Step 3: Take your set of original numbers from Step 1,
and square them individually this time:
3 × 3 + 21 × 21 + 98 × 98 + 203 × 203 + 17 × 17 + 9 × 9
Add the squares together:
9 + 441 + 9604 + 41209 + 289 + 81 = 51,633

Step 4: Subtract the amount in Step 2 from the amount


in Step 3.
51633 – 20533.5 = 31,099.5
Set this number aside for a moment.
Step 5: Subtract 1 from the number of items in
your data set. For our example:
6–1=5
Step 6: Divide the number in Step 4 by the
number in Step 5. This gives you the variance:
31099.5/5 = 6219.9
Step 7: Take the square root of your answer
from Step 6. This gives you the standard
deviation:
√6219.9 = 78.86634
The answer is 78.86.
Population Variance for Ungrouped Data
a. 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 = 150/5 x = 30
b. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 = 150/5 x = 30
X X-x (X – x)² ∑(X – x)² ∑(X – x)²
N
28 -2 4 10 10/5 = 2
29 -1 1
30 0 0
31 1 1
32 2 4 O² = 2
Population Variance for Ungrouped Data
a. 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 = 150/5 x = 30
b. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 = 150/5 x = 30
X X-x (X – x)² ∑(X – x)² ∑(X – x)²
N
10 20 400 1000 1000/5 = 200
20 10 100
30 0 0
40 10 100
50 20 400 O² = 200
Sample Variance for Grouped Data
Compute the variance of the test scores. ∑f(X-x)²

∑f-1
Scores Frequency Class fX x X- x (X-x)² f(X-x)²
(x) (f) Mark (X)

22-24 5 23 115 17 6 36 180

19-21 6 20 120 17 3 9 54

16-18 7 17 119 17 0 0 0

13-15 8 14 112 17 -3 9 72

10-12 4 11 44 17 -6 36 144
∑f = 30 ∑fX= 510 ∑f(X-x)² = 450/29
∑f – 1 = 30-1= 29 mean x = 510/30= 17 ∑f-1 S²= 15.52
Thank You
for Listening 

VARIANCE GROUPED DATA & UNGROUPED DATA JULIET C. CLEMENTE DISCUSSANT
What is Variance? Variance (σ2) in statistics is a measurement of the spread between numbers in a data set. That is, i
In probability theory and statistics, the variance formula measures how far a set of numbers are spread out. It is a numer
A variance of zero indicates that all the values are identical. It should be noted that variance is always non-negative- a
Variance Formulas Variance can be of either grouped or ungrouped data. To recall, a variance can of two types which are: 
Variance Formulas for Ungrouped Data Formula For Population Variance The variance of a population for ungrouped data is defi
Formula for Sample Variance The variance of a sample for ungrouped data is defined by a slightly different formula: s2 = ∑
Variance Formulas for Grouped Data Formula for Population Variance The variance of a population for grouped data is:
Formula for Sample Variance The variance of a sample for grouped data is: s2 = ∑ f (m − x̅ )2 / n − 1 Where, f = freque
Variance Type For Ungrouped Data For Grouped Data Population Variance Formula σ2 = ∑ (x − x̅ )2 / n σ2 = ∑ f (m − x̅ )2 / n

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