HORMUUD UNIVERSITY
CHAPTER 4
Faculty of Engineering
Department of civil Engineering
Mohammed
saed yusuf
Ceramics
Ceramics
Ceramic is a taken from Greek word ‘keramos’
means potter’s clay. Ceramic materials are non
metallic,
A wide-ranging group of materials whose ingr
edients are clays, sand, etc.
Clays
Contain some of the following:
Silicon & Aluminum as silicates
Potassium compounds
Magnesium compounds
Calcium compounds
Sand contains, Silica and Aluminum Potassium Silicate
Types of Ceramics
White wares
Refractories (detour )
Glasses
Abrasives
Cements
Advance ceramics
Bonded Clay Ceramics
Made
Made from natural clays and mixtures of clays and add
ed crystalline ceramics.
These include:
White wares
Structural Clay Products
Refractory Ceramics
Whitewares
Clay is the most important of the ingredients, and the most i
mportant clay used in fine whiteware products is kaolin, also
known as china clay. It is a refractory clay, meaning that it c
an be fired at high temperatures without deforming, and it is
white-burning, meaning that it imparts whiteness to the finis
hed.
Crockery
Floor and wall tiles
Decorative ceramics
Refractories
Refractories
Firebricks for furnaces and ovens. Have high Silicon or
Aluminum oxide content.
Brick products are used in the manufacturing plant for i
ron and steel, non-ferrous metals, glass, cements, ceram
ics, energy conversion, petroleum, and chemical industr
ies.
Used to provide thermal protection of other materials in
very high temperature applications, such as steel makin
g (1500°C), etc.
Glass Types
Three common types of glass:
Soda-lime glass-95% of all glass, windows containers e
tc.
Lead glass-contains lead oxide to improve refractive.
Borosilicate-contains Boron oxide, known as Pyrex
Glasses
Flat glass (windows)
Container glass (bottles)
Pressed and blown glass (dinnerware)
Glass fibers (home insulation)
Advanced/specialty glass (optical fibres)
Many have tried to gain access with golf
clubs and baseball bats but obviously the
glass remains intact ! From time to time a
local TV station intends to show videos of
those trying to get at the cash!!
Crystalline Ceramics
Good electrical insulators.
Magnesium Oxide is used as insulation material in heat
ing elements and cables.
a) Aluminum Oxide
b) Beryllium Oxides
c) Boron Carbide
d) Tungsten Carbide.
Used as abrasives and cutting tool tips.
Abrasives
Natural (garnet, diamond, etc.)
Synthetic abrasives (silicon carbide, diamond, fused alu
mina, etc.) are used for grinding, cutting, polishing, etc.
Cements
- Used to produce concrete roads, bridges, buildings, da
ms
Advanced Ceramics
Advanced ceramic materials have been developed over the past half century
Applied as thermal barrier coatings to protect metal structures, wearing surf
aces, or as integral components by themselves.
Engine applications are very common for this class of material which includ
es silicon nitride (Si3N4), silicon carbide (SiC), Zirconia(ZrO2) and Alumin
a (Al2O3)
Heat resistance and other desirable properties have lead to the development
of methods to toughen the material by reinforcement with fibers and whiske
rs opening up more applications for ceramics
Structural: cutting tools, engine components, armour, et
c.
Electrical: Capacitors, insulators, etc
Ceramic Armour
Ceramic armour systems are used to protect military pe
rsonnel and equipment.
Advantage: low density of the material can lead to weig
ht-efficient armour systems.
Typical ceramic materials used in armour systems inclu
de alumina, boron carbide, silicon carbide, and titanium
diboride.
Ceramic -Composite Armor