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Compressor Overview and Classification

A compressor is a device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. It handles gases, unlike pumps which handle liquids. Compressing gases causes their temperature to rise, so temperature control is important. There are several types of compressors including reciprocating, rotary, centrifugal, and axial flow compressors. Selection depends on factors like required flow rates, pressures, and costs. Compressors are used in various industrial applications such as providing compressed air and recycling gas in an FCCU.

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27 views36 pages

Compressor Overview and Classification

A compressor is a device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. It handles gases, unlike pumps which handle liquids. Compressing gases causes their temperature to rise, so temperature control is important. There are several types of compressors including reciprocating, rotary, centrifugal, and axial flow compressors. Selection depends on factors like required flow rates, pressures, and costs. Compressors are used in various industrial applications such as providing compressed air and recycling gas in an FCCU.

Uploaded by

Bikas Saha
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COMPRESSORS

Presentation By: U K Upadhyay


COMPRESSORS

A DEVICE USED FOR THE MOVEMENT

OF GAS AS PER SYSTEM

REQUIREMENT
COMPRESSORS VIS-A-VIS PUMPS

• Pumps handle liquids while compressors handle


gases
• Gases being compressible, compression causes
volume reduction thereby increase in
temperature
• Temperature needs to be contained / controlled
• High temperature calls for special materials
AIR COMPRESSION

VEHICLE TYRE

FROM AIR
COMPRESSOR

HAND OPERATED AIR “PUMP”


FOR FILLING AIR IN TYRE
TUBES OF BICYCLES
AIR BEING
EXPELLED

EXHAUST FAN IN A ROOM


REACTOR

CHARGE HEATER

C 51

PACKINOX
EXCHANGER

SEPARATOR TRIM
CONDENSER
RECYCLE GAS COMPRESSION SYSTEM
WET GAS COMPRESSOR in FCCU TO GAS
PLANT

RECEIVER
HP
Steam
Exhaust Final 2nd Inlet
Discharge

Turbine 1st Stage 2nd Stage

1st Outlet
Steam 1st Inlet
Inlet 2nd Recycle
1st Recycle

INTERSTAGE
WGC SUCTION

DRUM
MAIN COLUMN
DRUM

RECEIVER
REQUIREMENTS
FLOW DISCHARGE DIFFERENTIAL
PRESSURE PRESSURE
LOW LOW LOW
MEDIUM LOW LOW
MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM
LOW/MEDIUM HIGH HIGH
HIGH LOW LOW
HIGH/MEDIUM MEDIUM/HIGH LOW/MEDIUM
CLASSIFICATION

COMPRESSORS

POSITIVE DYNAMIC
DISPLACEMENT

RECIPROCATING ROTARY TYPE CENTRIFUGAL AXIAL


MIXED
FLOW

HELICAL LIQUID STRAIGHT SLIDE


RING LOBE VANE SINGLE GEARED
LINE
SELECTION
105

104
PRESSURE psig

Centrifugal
103 Reciprocating
gh

g
j
102
10 2

Axial
10

Screw
10 102 103 104 105 106
dfg
CAPACITY cfm
PERFORMANCE CURVES

Centrifugal

Axial
Positive
Displacement
COST COMPARISION
Based on experience of over 25 years, the following cost data have
been developed:
Discharge Pressure Availability Costs, $/(hp)
range, psig (yr.)
Reciprocating
300 to 500 94% 25
3000 to 5000 92% 35
10,000 to 30000 88% 50
Centrifugal
300 to 1,000 98% 4
5 to 500 99% 3
Helical Screw
-5 to 300 98% 6
RECIPROCATING
COMPRESSOR
RECIPROCATING
COMPRESSOR
RECIPROCATING
COMPRESSOR
SCREW COMPRESSOR

SUCTION

DISCHARGE
SCREW COMPRESSOR
TWIN SCREW
CENTRIFUGAL
COMPRESSORS
CENTRIFUGAL
COMPRESSORS - TYPES
• Horizontal Split Centrifugal
• Vertical Split Compressor
• Sidestream Compressors
• Multistage Geared Compressor
• Overhung Compressor
• Compressor Trains
OVERHUNG COMPRESSORS
HORIZONTAL SPLIT
CENTRIFUGAL
VERTICALLY SPLIT
COMPRESSOR
BACK TO BACK
ARRANGEMENT
MULTISTAGE GEARED
COMPRESSOR
AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR
AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR
SURGE LINE
DRY GAS SEALS
DRY GAS SEALS
DRY GAS SEALS
DRY GAS SEALS
RADIAL BEARINGS
THRUST BEARINGS
LUBE OIL SYSTEM
CAPACITY CONTROL
 VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES CENTRIFUGAL / AXIAL /
 SPEED VARIATION SCREW / RECIPROCATING

 CONSTAND SPEED DRIVE CENTRIFUGAL / AXIAL


 INLET GUIDE VANE COMPRESSORS
CONTROL
 SUCTION THROTTLING
 DISCHARGE THROTLLING

 AUTO START / SHUT OFF RECIPROCATING


 STEP CONTROL COMPRESSORS
 CLEARANCE VOLUME
COMPRESSOR DRIVERS
• ELECTRICAL MOTORS
 CONSTANT SPEED
 VARIABLE SPEED

• IC / GAS ENGINES

• EXPANDERS

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