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Understanding Software Types and Functions

This document discusses different types of software: - Software is a collection of instructions that tell a computer what to do and includes operating systems, applications, and instructions that control robots. - System software includes utility software like backup utilities, defragmentation tools, compression tools, and formatting tools. - Operating systems allow users to control hardware, and can be single-user or network operating systems. - Memory management software allocates RAM to applications and handles virtual memory. - Application software allows users to perform specific tasks like word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, etc.

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3 views8 pages

Understanding Software Types and Functions

This document discusses different types of software: - Software is a collection of instructions that tell a computer what to do and includes operating systems, applications, and instructions that control robots. - System software includes utility software like backup utilities, defragmentation tools, compression tools, and formatting tools. - Operating systems allow users to control hardware, and can be single-user or network operating systems. - Memory management software allocates RAM to applications and handles virtual memory. - Application software allows users to perform specific tasks like word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, etc.

Uploaded by

farhad ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

LECTURE-13 SOFTWARE

SUPERVISED BY
FARHAD AHMED
LECTURER OF ICT
Software
• Software is a collection of instructions that can
be ‘run’ on a computer. These instructions tell
the computer what to do.

• Software is not a physical thing (but it can of


course be stored on a physical medium such as a
CD-ROM), it is just a bunch of codes.

• An operating system such as Windows XP or Mac


OS X, applications such as Microsoft Word, and
the instructions that control a robot are all
examples of software
System Software (Utility Software)
Utility software is one form of system software, which carries out configuration and maintenance

tasks. There are four types of utility software:

• Backup: Backup utilities create a copy of files and programs. Backup can be set to run

automatically or can be started by a user

• Defragmentation: Files are stored in memory. On a hard disk, memory is divided into chunks

called 'sectors'. When a file needs to be stored, the operating system looks for free sectors on

the disk. However, these sectors are rarely sequential (i.e. next to one another), instead they are

usually scattered in different places across the hard disk.


System Software (Utility Software)
• Compression: Compression is the process of reducing the size of a data file whilst still retaining most, or even all, of
the original information. You can compress most types of file, including documents, music files, video and image files.
Data streaming services compress their stream in real-time to reduce the amount of bandwidth needed to provide the
service. If they streamed uncompressed data, the service would be very slow and high in bandwidth requirements.

• Why do we compress files? The main reasons are:

• Less storage space required for files

• Faster download and uploads

• Smaller file attachments for email

• Coping with slow links when streaming

• Formatting: Disk formatting prepares storage media such as hard disk or USB flash drive for its first use. Disk
formatting utilities make this process easy for users by providing them with the option to choose the file system, file
unit sizes and the name of the disk.
System Software (Operating System)

• The operating system (OS) allows the user to control and manage the computers hardware.

• Single-user operating systems: only allow for a general user and do not provide the

option to customize the user interface for different users. They are often found in household

appliance

• Network operating systems: have additional functionality, including:


• Sending requests to a server when users log in with their username and password

• Separating user accounts and ensuring that users cannot access each others files.

• Providing access to network storage and shared resources such as networked printers.
System Software (Memory Management)

• The operating system allocates the required amount of memory (RAM)

to one or more applications.

• The operating system also handles the creation of virtual memory


Application Software

Application software are types of programs allow a user to do specific

tasks on the computer. For example, if you wanted to write a letter you

would use Word Processing Software such as MS Word.

You would not use Spreadsheet Software such as MS Excel to write a

letter but would use Spreadsheet Software if you wanted to create

financial models.
THANK YOU
&
Any Questions?

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