Environmental Engineering - I
by Muhammad Farhan Arooj
BSc. Civil Engineering, UET Lahore - 2001
MS. Civil & Environmental Engineering, KAIST, South Korea - 2004
Editor Water Research, Top 25 Research Topics in the World, Exposure of more than 400 wastewater
treatment plants and Solid Waste Management Projects in the World.
Course Aim
Develop the student’s knowledge of
Concept of Environmental Pollution,
Contamination and Sources.
To design and Implementation of Water
Supply Schemes.
Outcome
Upon successful completion of the course, the student should
be able to comprehend:
Public Health Aspect of Water Supply
Water Supply Design
Water Quality Monitoring and Sampling
Water Treatment Technologies
TENTATIVE COURSE CONTENT
◦ Water Pollution
◦ Water Demand and Supply
◦ Water Quality
◦ Water Sampling & Testing
◦ Water Treatment
◦ Miscellaneous Water Treatment Techniques
◦ Water Distribution.
Conduct of Course
2 + 0 credit hours course
Theory – 2 credit hours
● Quizzes 10 %
● Projects / Assignments 10 %
● 2 x Mid term exam 30 %
● End of Semester Exam 50 %
WARNINGS !!!
● Study in groups but submit work on your own
● No copying of project / assignments
● Severe penalty in case someone found cheating
● No make up quizzes or projects / assignments
● At least 80 % attendance is mandatory to appear in the exam
● Fundamental course in Civil Engineering
● Good class conduct and is very important to understand this
course
Recommended Books:
Water Supply & Sewerage by Terence J. Mc Ghee 6 th Edition
Water Supply & Sanitary Engineering by Rangwala, 25 th Edition
Introduction to Environmental Engineering by Makanzie L. Davis,
David A. Cornwell
Outcome Based Education (OBE)
Design/Development of Solutions
Environment and Sustainability
Individual and Teamwork
Engineering Knowledge
The Engineer & Society
Project Management
Modern Tool Usage
Problem Analysis
Lifelong Learning
Communication
Investigation
Taxonomy
Ethics
CLOs-PLOs Mapping
Environmental Engineering 1
To DESCRIBE basic concpets related to environmental
1 and water engineering C2 ü
To COMPREHEND significance of water quality,
2
sampling and testing
C3 ü
To DESIGN water distribution network and treatment
3
system
C5 ü
Module – 1
Introduction to Environmental Engineering
7th Semester
Environmental Engineering -1
By Muhammad Farhan Arooj
Introduction to Environmental Engineering
Environmental Engineering
It is the application of engineering principles towards the protection and enhancement
of the quality of environment and also towards the protection and enhancement of
public health and welfare.
Environment
In the simplest words environment is every thing that surrounds man. It includes air,
water, soil, plants and animal life.
Worth Of Environmental Engineering
Design and construction of water supply and sewerage
Design and construction of water and waste water treatment plants
Solid waste management
Air pollution control
Noise pollution control
Industrial pollution control
Sources of Environmental Pollution
Pollution
Any condition or substance resulting from human or natural
activity that adversely effect the quality of environment is called
pollution.
Examples
- Human Activity
Production and disposal of untreated waste water into water
bodies
- Natural Activity
Volcanic eruption result in disbursement of dust particles, So etc
2
which effect environment.
Major Sources of Environmental Pollution
1) Municipal/Domestic source
Domestic Sewage
Solid Waste
2) Industrial source
Heavy Metals
Acid & Alkalies
Cooling Waters
Organic Compounds
3) Agriculture source
Excessive use of Fertilizer
Excessive use of Pesticide
Pollution & Its Effect
Pollution of Water
Pollution of Air
Pollution of Land
Introduction to Air Pollution
Definition
It refer to substances present in atmosphere in concentrations, high
enough to harm humans, animals, plants or other materials
Sources
1. Natural: e.g. smoke from forest fires caused by lightening, volcanic
eruption etc.
2. Anthropogenic: industry, power generation, vehicular emissions,
agriculture, burning of solid waste etc
Rapid urbanization with the associated growth is industry and vehicle use
has increased the problems of air pollution.
Major Air Pollutants
Include: suspended particulate matter CO, SO , NO lead and other heavy
2 x
metals, VOC (Volatile organic compounds e.g. small amount of unburnt
fuel from automobile exhaust).
Major Sources of Air Pollution
Motor Vehicles
Miscellaneous Industry
Municipal Solid Waste
Agriculture
Effects of Air Pollution
Short term exposure may result in
Eye irritation
Inflammation of respiratory tract
Suppression of immune system etc.
Long term exposure to toxic air pollutants may
cause
Cancer, asthama, respiratory infection etc.
Air pollution may result in acidification of lakes,
reduction in crop yield affect plant growth.
NEQs of Air Pollution
What NEQS Say About Air Pollution
According to NEQS, for motor vehicular
exhaust smoke should not by more than 40%
or 2 on Ringlemann scale. CO emission
standard is 4.5% for new and 6% for used
vehicles.
Noise
Noise
Sound is called noise when it becomes disagreeable or
loud, particularly when it results in physiological harm.
Measuring Units
Relative loudness is expressed numerically using the
decibel (db) scale or a modified decibel scale called
decibel-A (dBA) which takes into account high pitched
sounds to which human ear is more sensitive.
Effects of Noise
In addition to hearing loss, noise produces a number of
physiological effects in the body and physiological
stresses.
Physiological stresses are
Increase in heart beat
Dilates the pupils
Cause muscle contraction
Permanent constriction of blood vessels(due to long
exposure resulting in blood pressure)
Migraine headaches, nausea, dizziness
Gastric ulcers
Sources of Noise & Control Measure
Road traffic noise
Air traffic noise
Neighborhood noise
Rail traffic noise
Occupational noise