MINIMIZING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN WATER HEATING
Presented by,
R YEKAMBARAM
Roll No : M180327ME
Under the guidance of
Dr. V Sajith Ms. Alveena Abraham
School of Materials Science and Engineering Mr. Sai Siddhartha
Associate Professor, NITC. Smart Joules
INTRODUCTION
• Water heating needs enormous amount of energy. On a global
level,26% of energy is used for heating the water
• Mostly, conventional energy resources used for production of hot
water.
• This leads to pollution in environment.
Fig.1. Global energy consumption [1]
• Efficient renewable energy technologies can be used for water
heating.
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OBJECTIVES
• Comparative analysis of hot water generation technologies (kJ/kCal heat delivered and rupees per kCal of
heat delivered)
• Detailed techno-commercial evaluation of existing hot water generation infrastructure.
• Replacing with highest possible energy efficiency hot water generator using one or more of the available
technologies.
• A database will be created. It includes efficient performance monitoring, maintenance and operational
methods for each technology.
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Comparative analysis of hot water generation technologies
• Electric water heaters
• Solar water heaters
• Heat pump water heaters
• Gas fired heaters
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ELECTRIC HEATING
ELECTRIC TANKLESS WATER
ELECTRIC STORAGE WATER HEATER HEATER
To heat water and to store
hot water.
Resistive elements used to
heat water
Thermostats used for
control the temperature. Fig.3. Electric tankless water heater[6]
Some water heaters have
Cold water is heated by multiple resistive elements.
two resistive elements and
For instantaneous hot water.
controlled by Fig.2. Electric storage water heater[3]
Tankless and no standby losses.
independently.
Less space
Microprocessor controls the temperature.
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SOLAR WATER HEATERS
Solar water heater is a device which uses solar energy to heat water for commercial, industrial purposes.
Mainly consists of storage tank and collector.
Absorber transfers the heat to water.
Water passing through the pipe rises the temperature and is delivered to storage tank.
Based on the circulation , solar water heaters are two types:
1. Active (Water is circulated by pumps)
2. Passive (Water is circulated by thermosyphon)
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SOLAR WATER HEATERS
Fig.4. Flat plate collector[13] Fig.5. Evacuated tube collector[6]
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SOLAR WATER HEATERS
Fig.6. Parabolic trough collector[6] Fig.7. Parabolic dish collector[6]
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HEAT PUMP WATER HEATER
Heat pump works on refrigeration cycle.
Refrigerant in the evaporator absorbs heat from the ambient and passes
through the compressor where refrigerant compressed to high pressure and
high temperature.
Then passes through the condenser where it releases heat to the water tank.
Water absorbs heat from the heat pump at condenser.
Low energy consumption and COP ranges from 2 to 4.
Advantages: Low running costs , Less maintenance and safe
Disadvantages: High initial cost. Fig.8. Heat pump water heater[6]
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GAS-FIRED WATER HEATER
It is a demand type water heater.
Gas is burned and releases thermal energy. This
thermal energy received by water.
Sensors monitor the temperature of inlet and
outlet and adjusts the gas .
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Fig.9. Gas fired water heater[3] 10
2.5
Most efficient technologies are solar water heater and
Efficiency/COP/Solar energy factor
2
heat pump.
1.5
Heat pump gives high amount of heat than the solar
1
water heater.
0.5
Cost of heat pump is more than the cost of solar water
0
Gas storage tank water Electric storage tank Heat pump solar water heater
heater heater water heater
Water heating technologies
Heat pump coupled with solar water heater is highly
Fig.10. Efficiency of various heating technology [3]
efficient.
Less payback period for coupled systems.
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Techno-commercial evaluation of existing hot water generation infrastructure.
• Textile industry
• Hospital
• Food industry
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Hot water consumption in textile industry
others steam generation
cooling water
sanitary use
Medium scale industry and consuming 4.5 million
tonnes of coal.
90% of energy for steam and 10% for electricity.
Operating temperature: 50oC to 220oC.
Process water
80 to 85 % of energy used for processing and dyeing.
Fig.11. Water requirement in textile industry[10]
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Processes:
Doubling: single yarn converted into double yarn.
Yarn dyeing: After removing dirt particles, yarn is soaked into
colours. Dyeing temperature depends on type of color
Windings: Process of transferring yarn or thread –to facilitate
subsequent processing.
Warping: Winded yarn is wound to beams.
Weaving: Placed in power looms where the designed pattern is
already set.
Fig.12. Temperature range in dyeingMED,NIT,CALICUT
for different colours [Link] in textile industry
14 [14]
Hot water consumption in hospitals
In hospitals, hot water mainly used for sanitary, HVAC.
For sterilization the temperature required is 50 to 60oC
Water for hand washing and showering is delivered at
43.3oC
For laundry and cleaning, hot water temperature is 32 to
44oC.
Fig.14. water consumption in hospitals[1]
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Hot water consumption in food industry
In food industry, hot water is used for cooking , cleaning and
sanitation.
Nearly 40% of energy is used by water heating and cooking.
For cleaning the dishes, the temperature required is 54oC to
60oC.
For sanitizing, the temperature required is 66 to 71oC
[Link] of energy in typical food industry[5]
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LITERATURE REVIEW
JOURNAL RESEARCH
Design and simulated performance of a A simulation-based study has been performed to design a
solar-thermal system employing seasonal building-scale solar thermal system with seasonal storage for a research house
storage for providing the majority of space with a heated floor area of approximately 150 m 2.
heating and domestic hot water heating Parametric simulations revealed that a solar fraction exceeding 90% could be
needs to a single-family house in a cold achieved for many combinations of solar collector area and seasonal store
climate [8] volume.
A solar collector gross area of 41.6 m2 and a seasonal store volume of 36 m3
Ian et al, Solar energy,57,2019 were chosen for this installation, which is expected to achieve a solar fraction in
the range of 87–98%.
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JOURNAL RESEARCH
Comparison of solar assisted heat pump solutions Comparison of solar assisted heat pump solutions for office building
for office building applications in Northern applications in Northern climate .
climate[9] Studied solar assisted absorbed heat pump and PV driven air source heat
pump
Francesco et al, renewable energy,1392,2020 The solar assisted absorption heat pump shows higher renewable energy
share than the PV driven heat pump when comparing system solutions
with the same area of installed solar technologies.
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JOURNAL RESEARCH
Solar driven water heating systems for medium-rise Solar driven hot water systems are compared with
residential buildings in urban Mediterranean areas[11] electric water heater.
Electricity consumption are calculated.
Maria et al ,Renewable energy,556,2020 Solar driven and PV/T have low life cycle cost.
Numerical simulation on solar collector and cascade heat pump The numerical simulation was performed for winter climatic
combi water heating systems in Kazakhstan climates[12] conditions using different combinations of refrigerants.
At low temperature, R32/R290 is good option for getting
high COP.
Yerdesh et al,Renewable energy,pg.1222,2020. Solar collector and heat pump combination has 30% more
efficient than the two stage cascade heat pump without
integration of solar collectors.
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LITERATURE REVIEW : CONCLUSIONS
Hybrid systems are more efficient.
Solar fraction is improved in solar thermal systems with seasonal storage.
Variable frequency drives used for vary the speeds in compressor and fans so that cost will reduced.
Solar absorbed heat pump is more efficient than the PV driven heat pump for the same area.
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Work to be done
• Comparative analysis of hot water generation technologies (kJ/kCal heat delivered and
rupees per kCal of heat delivered)
• Detailed techno-commercial evaluation of existing hot water generation infrastructure.
• Replacing with highest possible energy efficiency hot water generator using one or more of
the available technologies.
• A library of efficient performance monitoring, maintenance and operations methods for
each technology to ensure highest possible operational efficiency levels wherever they are
installed.
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WORK TO BE DONE
Technical analysis on hot water technologies Dec-19
Study the existing systems and analyze the data captured for these systems Jan-20
Design an efficient practices for existing systems Feb-20
Study the hot water consumption patterns in SMEs Mar-20
Energy auditing for SMEs Apr-20
Design an energy efficient hot water system May-20
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REFERENCES:
[1] [Link]
[2] [Link]
[3 [Link]
[4] [Link]
[5] [Link]
a_fig5_236026610.
[6] Hohne, P. K. (2019). Optimal energy management and economic analysis of a grid-connected hybrid solar water heating
system: A case of Bloemfontein, South Africa. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 31,273-291.
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[8] Beausoleil-Morrison, I. K. (2019). Design and simulated performance of a solar-thermal system employing seasonal
storage for providing the majority of space heating and domestic hot water heating needs to a single-family house in a cold
climate. . Solar Energy, 191,pg 57-69.
[9] Reda, F., Paiho, S., Pasonen, R., Helm, M., Menhart, F., Schex, R. and Laitinen, A., 2020. Comparison of solar assisted
heat pump solutions for office building applications in Northern climate. Renewable Energy, 147, pp.1392-1417.
[10] [Link] (n.d.).
[11] Panagiotidou, M. A. (2019). Solar driven water heating systems for medium-rise residential buildings in urban
mediterranean areas. . Renewable Energy, 147, pp.556-569.
[12] Yerdesh, Y. A. (2020). Numerical simulation on solar collector and cascade heat pump combi water heating systems
in Kazakhstan [Link] Energy, pg 1222-1234.
[13] [Link]
[14] [Link]
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THANK YOU
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