breast cancer
Boutheyna mahmoud
Group 7
Goals
What Is Breast Cancer?
Inheriting certain gene changes
What causes breast cancer?
Genetic testing of breast cancer
cases examples
• Breast cancer is a type of cancer that starts in
the breast. Cancer starts when cells begin to
grow out of control
• Breast cancer cells usually form a tumor that
can often be seen on an x-ray or felt as a lump
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
•BRCA1 and BRCA2.
• The most common cause of hereditary breast
cancer is an inherited mutation in the BRCA1 or
BRCA2 gene
• In normal cells, these genes help make proteins that
repair damaged DNA
• On average, a woman with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene
mutation has up to a 7 in 10 chance of getting breast
cancer by age 80.
• Women with one of these gene changes also
have a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer
and some other cancers
• Other genes: Other gene mutations can also
lead to inherited breast cancers. These gene
mutations are much less common
• TP53
• The TP53 gene helps stop the growth of cells
with damaged DNA
• Inherited mutations of this gene cause Li-
Fraumeni syndrome.
• People with this syndrome have an increased
risk of breast cancer, as well as some other
cancers such as leukemia, brain tumors, and
sarcomas
• PTEN: The PTEN gene normally helps regulate
cell growth. Inherited mutations in this gene
can cause Cowden syndrome, a rare disorder
that puts people at higher risk for both cancer
and benign (non-cancer) tumors in the
breasts, as well as growths in the digestive
tract, thyroid, uterus, and ovaries
What causes breast cancer?
• Increasing age
• Personal history of breast chance
• Family history of breast cancer
• Presence of certain inherited genetic changes
• History of radiation therapy
• Long-term use of combined hormone therapy
• Alcohol use Obesity after
Discussion
• Cases
• Diagnosis
• Breast Cancer Risk Factors You Cannot Change
• A risk factor is anything that increases your chances of getting a disease, such
as breast cancer. But having a risk factor, or even many, does not mean that
you are sure to get the disease.
• Some risk factors for breast cancer are things you cannot change, such as
getting older or inheriting certain gene changes. These make your risk of breast
cancer higher.
• For information on other known and possible breast cancer risk factors, see:
• Being born female
• This is the main risk factor for breast cancer. Men can get breast cancer, too,
but this disease is much more common in women than in men.
• Getting older
• As you get older, your risk of breast cancer goes up. Most breast cancers are
found in women age 55 and older.
• Inheriting certain gene changes
• About 5% to 10% of breast cancer cases are thought to be hereditary, meaning
that they result directly from gene changes (mutations) passed on from a
parent.
Treatment
• Local treatments
• Surgery for Breast Cancer
• Radiation for Breast Cancer
• Systemic treatments
• Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
• Hormone Therapy for Breast Cancer
• Targeted Therapy for Breast Cancer
• Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer
• Common treatment approaches
• Treatment of Breast Cancer by Stage
• Treatment of Triple-negative Breast Cancer
• Treatment of Inflammatory Breast Cancer
• Treating Breast Cancer During Pregnancy
References
• The American Cancer Society medical and edit
orial content
team
• Last Revised: September 10, 2019