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B-Spline Curves and Basis Functions

B-spline curves are defined by a series of control points and B-spline basis functions. Each control point is associated with a unique basis function, allowing the curve to have a non-global behavior. The order of the basis functions and degree of the curve can be changed without altering the number of control points. A B-spline curve is calculated by taking a weighted sum of the control points, where the weights are the normalized B-spline basis functions evaluated over a parameter range. B-spline curves have properties such as being polynomials between knots and having continuous derivatives up to a specified order.

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Rishab Gupta
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105 views5 pages

B-Spline Curves and Basis Functions

B-spline curves are defined by a series of control points and B-spline basis functions. Each control point is associated with a unique basis function, allowing the curve to have a non-global behavior. The order of the basis functions and degree of the curve can be changed without altering the number of control points. A B-spline curve is calculated by taking a weighted sum of the control points, where the weights are the normalized B-spline basis functions evaluated over a parameter range. B-spline curves have properties such as being polynomials between knots and having continuous derivatives up to a specified order.

Uploaded by

Rishab Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

B-spline Curves

• B-spline basis function is generally nonglobal. The


nonglobal behavior of B-spline curves is due to the
fact that each vertex is associated with a unique
basis function.
• The B-spline basis also allows the order of the basis
function and hence the degree of the resulting curve
to be changed without changing the number of
defining polygon vertices.
• A B-spline Curve is given by
n 1
P (t )   B i N i ,k (t ) t min  t  t max 2  k  n 1
i 1

5-1
where Bi are the position vectors of the n  1 defining
polygon vertices and N i , k are the normalized B-spline
basis functions. For the ith normalized B-spline basis
function of order k (degree k  1 ), the basis functions
N i , k (t ) are defined by the Cox-deBoor recursion
formulas:
1 if xi  t  xi 1
N i ,1 (t )  
0 otherwise
(t  xi )N i ,k 1 (t ) ( xi  k  t )N i 1,k 1 (t )
N i ,k (t )  
xi  k 1  xi xi  k  xi 1
The value of xi are elements of a knot vector satisfying
the relation xi  xi 1
5-2
The parameter t varies from tmin to tmax along the
curve P(t)
The convention 0 / 0  0 is adopted.
• Formally a B-spline curve is defined as a polynomial
spline function of order k (degree k  1 ) since it
satisfies the following two conditions:
- The function P(t) is a polynomial of degree k  1
on each interval xi  t  xi 1
- P(t) and its derivatives
. of order 1, 2, , k  2 are
all continuous over the entire curve.
• Properties of B-spline curves:
n 1
- The sum of the B-spline basis functions for  N (t )  1
i, k
any parameter value t can be shown to be i 1
5-3
- Each basis function is positive or zero for all
parameter values, i.e., N i , k  0
- Except for k  1 each basis function has precisely one
maximum value.
- The maximum order of the curve is equal to the
number of defining polygon vertices.
- The curve generally follows the shape of the defining
polygon.
- Any affine transformation can be applied to the curve
by applying it to the defining polygon vertices; i.e.,
the curve is transformed by transforming the defining
polygon vertices.
- The curve lies within the convex hull of its defining
polygon.
5-4
• Convex hull property: For a B-spline curve of order k
(degree k  1) a point on the curve lies within the
convex hull of k neighboring points

5-5

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