Paper Battery
A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy storage and
production device formed by combining carbon nanotube with a
conventional sheet of cellulose-based paper
A paper battery acts as both a high-energy battery and super-
capacitor , combining two components that are separate in
traditional electronics
The creation of the Paper Battery drew from a diverse pool of
disciplines, requiring expertise in materials science, energy storage and
chemistry
In August 2007, a research team at RENSSELEAR POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTE led by Drs. Robert Linhardt, John [Link],
Pulickel [Link], Omkaram Nalamasu with a joint appointment in
Material science and engineering developed the Paper Battery, also
known as Nano Composite Paper
In December 2009 Yi Cui and his team at STANFORD UNIVERSITY
successfully made an actual prototype that gave a terminal voltage of
1.5V
Robert Linhardt
CONVENTIONAL
Li-ion Battery
BATTERIES NiCD Battery
Generally Li-ion re-chargeable batteries are used in Used in UPS, portable power tools, photography equipment,
mobiles, laptops and most of the electronic devices flashlights, emergency lighting, and portable electronic
devices
3 primary functional component of Li-ion battery are:
Rechargeable battery using nickel oxide hydroxide and metallic
-ve electrode(graphite) Cadmium as electrodes.
+ve electrode(cobalt oxide)
electrolyte( lithium salt in organic solvent)
Nominal cell voltage of 3.6-3.7V Terminal voltage of 1.2V
During discharge and charging, lithium ions Li+
Rugged, high specific power(150W/kg), long life, light
carry the current from the negative to the positive
electrode and vice-versa respectively, through the
non-aqueous electrolyte
Class 9 miscellaneous hazardous material Disadvantages include Memory effect, Environmental hazards, cost
PRINCIPLE
The battery produces electricity in the same way as the conventional
lithium-ion batteries, but all the components have been incorporated into
a lightweight, flexible sheet of paper
The devices are formed by combining cellulose with an infusion of
aligned carbon nanotubes
The electrolyte and the ions that carry the charge can be varied
depending the use of the battery
A conventional Li-ion battery can be incorporated in cellulose-nanotube
composite as shown in the next slide.
Carbon nanotube structure
FABRICATION
Paper battery can be constructed in a laboratory. It involves
spreading a specially formulated ink of carbon nanotubes over a
rectangular sheet of paper coated with an ionic solution. A thin film
of lithium is then laminated on the other side of the paper.
Aluminium rods are then connected to carry current between the two
electrodes
The second method involves coating substrate of stainless steel with
carbon nanotubes. The coated substrate is the dried at 80 degree
Celsius for five minutes, after which the material is peeled off. A pair
of films are used for each paper battery with each film being pasted
to different electrolytes like LTO and LCO. A paper is then
sandwiched between the two films using glue
WORKING
While a conventional battery contains a number of separate components,
the paper battery integrates all of the battery components in a single
structure, making it more energy efficient.
Traditional Batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction
between electrolyte and metal.
paper battery produces electrons due to the interaction of electrolytes
LTO (Lithium Titanium Oxide) & LCO (Lithium Cobalt Oxide)
Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and flow along
a connected wire to the positive terminal during discharging
Electrons must flow from the negative to the positive terminal for the
chemical reaction to continue
vs
Paper Battery Li-ion Battery
Paper batteries have long lasting time Lasts less than paper battery
They are non toxic as they do not involve harmful Toxic in nature
chemical reactions.
They are flexible and can be folded or cut without any effect on Rigid cannot be folded
their efficiencies. This is because of the fact that they are made
up of materials like cellulose and carbon nanotubes which have
high tensile strength.
They are disposable as they are made up of cellulose which is bio Non bio degradable
degradable and non toxic.
They can be used in harsh climate conditions like heat and cold. Cannot be used in harsh climate, the
This is because the electrolyte does not involve water which makes operating temperature range is 5 to 45
the battery operate in the range of -73 to 149 degree Celsius. degree Celsius.
They utilize carbon nanotubes, which are one of the most highly
efficient conductors of electricity.
APPLICATIO
NS
Paper battery can actually prove beneficial for applications where
portability and size is the main requirement. Modern day electronic
equipment like smart cards, digital watches facilitate the requirement of
thin batteries which are long lasting and non toxic.
Wearable Computers – One of the latest real time examples of wearable
computers is Google Glass. It actually is a normal spectacle with an
optical head mounted display and Glass is a computer in the form of a
pair of eyeglasses and includes an optical head-mounted display which
allows the user to use a smart phone.
It can also be used for low power devices like calculators, wrist watches
and wireless communication devices like mouse, Bluetooth headphones,
keypads etc.
References…
[Link]/paper-battery-construction-working/#Paper_Battery_Construction
wikipedia
Thank you…