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Over Current and Earth Fault Relay Guide

Here are the steps to coordinate overcurrent protection for the given network: 1. Set relay (50/75 MVA) at substation on IEC SI curve with pickup of 600A and time delay of 1 sec 2. Set relay (132/33 kV) on DT curve with pickup of 800A and time delay of 1.3 sec 3. Set relay (33kV line) on IEC SI curve with pickup of 1200A and time delay of 0.7 sec 4. Set downstream relays with higher pickups and less time delays while maintaining minimum 300ms coordination time between relays. This ensures proper grading of protection and selectivity is achieved while meeting load requirements. Co

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2K views14 pages

Over Current and Earth Fault Relay Guide

Here are the steps to coordinate overcurrent protection for the given network: 1. Set relay (50/75 MVA) at substation on IEC SI curve with pickup of 600A and time delay of 1 sec 2. Set relay (132/33 kV) on DT curve with pickup of 800A and time delay of 1.3 sec 3. Set relay (33kV line) on IEC SI curve with pickup of 1200A and time delay of 0.7 sec 4. Set downstream relays with higher pickups and less time delays while maintaining minimum 300ms coordination time between relays. This ensures proper grading of protection and selectivity is achieved while meeting load requirements. Co

Uploaded by

abu sayed
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Over Current & Earth Fault Protection
  • Applications of Over Current & Earth Fault Protection
  • Connection Diagram for O/C & E/F Relay
  • Classification of Over Current Relays
  • Time-Current Characteristic Curves
  • Over Current Coordination

Basics on Over Current & Earth Fault Protection

This Presentation Includes-

Applications of O/C & E/F protection


Connection diagrams of O/C & E/F relays
Time-Current characteristic curves
Choice of IDMT & DTOC relays
Example of O/C & E/F coordination (case study)

1
Over Current & Earth Fault Protection:
Application of Over Current & Earth Fault Protection:

Over current (O/C) protection is used to protect an electrical system or


equipment from over current faults like overloading or short circuit current.
Earth fault (E/F) relays are used to protect an electrical system or equipment
from short circuit between phase(s) to earth. Earth fault relays are also called
residual over current or neutral over current protection.
O/C & E/F relays are used for over current and earth fault protection.

Pros and cons of O/C & E/F protection:

 Simple
 Uses current to determine magnitude of fault
 May employ definite time or inverse time curves
 May be slow or kept slow (time grading)
 Inexpensive
 May use various polarizing voltages or ground current for directionality
 Communication aided schemes makes more selective
Connection Diagram of O/C & E/F Relay

3 O/C + 1 E/F 2 O/C + 1 E/F

3
Classification of Over Current Relays
1. Instantaneous Over current Relays (50)
2. Definite Time Over current Relays (51)
3. Inverse Time Over current Relays (51)
4. Directional Over current Relays (67)

Definite Time O/C Inverse Definite Time O/C

4
Instantaneous Over current Relays (IOC)

Operation of IOC relay is time independent. When fault occurs it


immediately trips / isolates the circuit. It can be effectively
applied to distribution feeder circuits.
Definite Time Over current Relays (DT)
DT relays operates when the fault current exceeds the current pick-up value and
the tripping delay is exceeds. Two conditions is needed to be satisfied for operation
(tripping)-

[Link] current must exceed the setting value.


[Link] must be continuous at least a time equal to time setting of the relay.
Inverse Time Over current Relays

In inverse time over current relays, operating time is inversely


changed with current, i.e. high current will operate the relay
faster than lower current values.
Generally four types of time-over current curves are used-
[Link] inverse
[Link] inverse, and
[Link] inverse
[Link]-time inverse
IEC Standard Inverse Curve Formula
Over Current Coordination
Over Current Coordination

The overshoot time is defined as the difference between the operating time of a relay at a
specified value of input current and the maximum duration of input current, which when
suddenly reduced below the relay operating level, is insufficient to cause relay operation.
Definite Time Overcurrent

CTI
• Relay closest to fault operates first
• Relays closer to source operate
slower
t • Time between operating for same
current is called CTI (Clearing Time
Interval)

CTI
50 50
+2 +2

Distribution
Substation
TOC Coordination
• Relay closest to fault operates first
• Relays closer to source operate
slower
t • Time between operating for same
current is called CTI

CTI

Distribution
Substation
Over-Current Coordination Work-Out

Maximum
Load
=300 A
50/75 MVA 400/1

33 kV
132 kV 132/33 kV
Line Capacity 600 A
%Z = 12
Maximum
Y Load
=200 A
800/1 400/1 1600/1 400/1

Maximum
Load
=400 A
400/1

Find the O/C coordination of the network


Considerations:
[Link] Discrimination will be at least 300 ms
2. IEC SI, DT & IOC curves shall be used where necessary

1 This Presentation Includes- Applications of O/C & E/F protection Connection diagrams of O/C & E/F relays Time-Current c
Over Current & Earth Fault Protection: Application of Over Current & Earth Fault Protection: Over current (O/C) protection
3 Connection Diagram of O/C & E/F Relay 3 O/C + 1 E/F 2 O/C + 1 E/F
4 1. Instantaneous Over current Relays (50) 2. Definite Time Over current Relays (51) 3. Inverse Time Over current Relays (51
Instantaneous Over current Relays (IOC) Operation of IOC relay is time independent. When fault occurs it immediately trips /
Definite Time Over current Relays (DT) DT relays operates when the fault current exceeds the current pick-up value and the t
In inverse time over current relays, operating time is inversely changed with current, i.e. high current will operate the re
IEC Standard Inverse Curve Formula
Over Current Coordination

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