S ON A L IT Y DEV E LO PME N T

PER
., M .Phil ., [Link]., P h. D., N ET
J . ME XO N P . RAYAN [Link]
DR.
PER S O NA L I T Y
D EVE L OP M E N T
UNIT -1
DR. J. MEXON P. RAYAN
Personality
 Personality

• “Personality is that pattern of characteristic

thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that
distinguishes one person from another and that
persists over time”
• “It is the sum of biologically based and learnt
behaviour which forms the person's unique
responses to environmental stimuli”
 The Five Dimensions of Personality:
(The Five Factor Model)

• Openness to experience
• Conscientiousness
• Extraversion
• Agreeableness
• Neuroticism
 Dimension of Personality High Level Low level

1. Openness to Inventive, Curious Cautious, Conservative

experience

2. Conscientiousness Efficient, Organized Easy going, Careless

3. Extraversion Outgoing, Energetic Solitary, Reserved

4. Agreeableness Friendly, Compassionate Competitive, Outspoken

5. Neuroticism Sensitive, Nervous Secure, Confident

 Personality Development

1. Personality development includes activities that improve awareness and

identity, develop talents and potential, build human capital and facilitate
employability, enhance quality of life and contribute to the realization of
dreams and aspirations.
2. When personal development takes place in the context of institutions, it
refers to the methods, programs, tools, techniques, and assessment
systems that support human development at the individual level in
organizations.
3. Personality development includes activities that looks to improve the
quality of life. It involves formal and informal activities that put people in
the role of leaders, guides, teachers, and managers for helping them
realize their full potential.
4. Hence, it can be concluded that the process of improving or transforming
the personality is called personality development.
 Significance or Importance of Personality
Development

1. Confidence:
2. Credibility:
3. Interaction:
4. Leading and Motivating:
5. Curiosity:
6. Communication skills:
 Theories of Personality

1. Freud Theory
2. Erikson Theory
 FRUED THEORY

The first of the modern personality theories was developed by

Sigmund Freud and is known as psychoanalytic theory. Freud
theorized that personality contains three structures—the id,
ego, and superego—and that the mind is like an iceberg, the
unconscious making up 90% while the conscious (like the tip
of the iceberg floating above water) makes only 10% of the
mind.
• According to psychoanalytic theory, most of what
controls our behaviours, thoughts, and feelings is
unknown to our aware minds. Normally, the
unconscious guides us. Freud said that the mind
could be divided into three abstract categories.
These are the id, the ego, and the superego.
1. The id:
Freud said that the id operates according to the pleasure principle—it
aims toward pleasurable things and away from painful things. The id
aims to satisfy our biological urges and drives. It includes feelings of
hunger, thirst, and other natural body desires aimed at deriving
pleasure.
2. The ego:
The ego is partly conscious and partly unconscious. The ego operates
according to the reality principle; that is, it attempts to help the id get
what it wants by judging the difference between real and imaginary. If
a person is hungry, the id might begin to imagine food and even dream
about food. The ego, however, will try to determine how to get some
real food. The ego helps a person satisfy needs through reality.
• 
3. The superego:
This term means “above the ego,” and includes the moral ideas that a
person learns within the family and society. The superego gives people
feelings of pride when they do something correct (the ego ideal) and
feelings of guilt when they do something they consider to be morally
wrong (the conscience). The superego, like the ego, is partly conscious
and partly unconscious.
Conclusion :
Freud theorized that healthy personality development requires a
balance between the id and the superego. These two divisions of the
mind are naturally at conflict with one another: The id attempts to
satisfy animal, biological urges, while the superego preaches patience
and restraint. The struggle between these two is an example of
intrapsychic conflict—conflict within the mind.
 Erikson Theory

• Erikson converted Freud’s emphasis to a focus on

social relationships into eight psychosocial stages.
These stages became known as the Eight Ages of
Man. Each of Erikson’s eight stages was described as
a time of crisis—a time when the personality would
go one way or the other.
 1. Infant (0 to 18 months) Trust versus Mistrust

 2. Toddler (18 months to 3 years) Autonomy versus Shame

Conclusion :
 3. Preschool (3 years to 5 years) Initiative versus Guilt

4. Early school age (5 years to 12 Industry versus Inferiority

years)

 [Link] (12 to 18 years) Identity versus Role of

confusion
   

[Link] adult (18 years to 40 Intimacy versus Isolation

years)

   

[Link]-aged adult (40 years to 65 Generativity versus Stagnation

years)

 
Ego Integrity versus Despair
8. Old adult (approximately age 65
to death)
 Concept of Success

To some people, success might mean wealth. To others, it is

recognition, good health, good family, happiness, satisfaction, and
peace of mind. What this really tells us is that success is subjective. It
can mean different things to different people.

The best definition for success is

“Success is the progressive realization of a worthy goal”
 Goal

• Most People don't know how to set goals. Some set goals that are too
general. These are, in reality, fantasies common to everyone. Goals,
on the other hand, are clear, written, specific, and measurable.
• An ideal goal should be expressed in the positive, be time bound and
specific.
 Factors Responsible for Success

1. Desire: 
2. Commitment:
3. Responsibility 
4. Hard Work:
5. Character
6. Positive Believing:
7. Give More Than You Get
8. The Power of Persistence
 Hurdles in achieving Success

• Lack of information
• Lack of skill
• Limiting beliefs
• Well being
• Other people
• Own motivation
• Time
• Money
• Fear
 Failure

• Failure can be defined as the state or condition of not achieving a

desirable or intended objective; it can be considered the opposite of
success. Failure is just a state of mind. You are a failure only if you
think that you failed. Your attitude towards a certain situation
determines whether or not you have failed. The fact is that everyone
fails in something or the other at some point in their lives.
• “Men succeed when they realize that their failures are the preparation for
their victories”
• Successful people don’t blame others for what has happened to them and
they don’t use other people’s definitions for success and failure. They use
their own. They just change paths, re- assess goals, try something new or
adjust direction. To them, failure happens when they stop trying to achieve
their personal best.
 Causes of Failure

• Lack of Persistence:
• Lack of Conviction/confidence:
• Rationalization:
• Dismissal of Past Mistakes:
• Lack of Discipline:
• Poor Self-Esteem:
• Fatalistic Attitude:
 SWOT Analysis

• SWOT stands for: Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat. A

SWOT analysis guides you to identify your organization’s strengths and
weaknesses (S-W), as well as broader opportunities and threats (O-T).
 SWOT Analysis

• SWOT stands for: Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat. A

SWOT analysis guides you to identify your organization’s strengths and
weaknesses (S-W), as well as broader opportunities and threats (O-T).
 Strength

These are the traits or skills that set you apart from others. Questions to ask
include:
• What benefits do you have which others do not have? This could include
skills, education, or connections.
• What are you better at than anyone else?
• What personal resources do you have access to?
• What do other people see as your strengths?
• Which achievements are you most proud of?
• What values do you believe in that others fail to show?
• Are you part of a network no one else is involved in? What connections do
you have with powerful people?
 Weakness

This part examines the areas in which you need to improve and the
things that will set you back in your career. Questions to consider
include:
• What work do you usually avoid because of lack of confidence?
• What do people think you weaknesses are?
• Are you happy with your education and skills training?
• Do you have any negative work habits?
• Which of your personality traits hold you back?
 Opportunities

For the opportunities section, look at the external factors you can take
advantage of to pursue a promotion, find a new job or determine a career
direction.
• What new technology can assist you?
• Can you take advantage of the market in its present state?
• Do you have a network of strategic contacts to offer good advice or help
you?
• Is any of your competitors failing to do something important? Can you
take advantage of it?
• Is there a need in your company which no one is filling?
• Could you create an opportunity by offering solutions to problems?
 Threats

This part takes into account the external factors that could hurt your
chances to attain your goals. The factors to take into account
include:
• What hindrances do you currently face at work?
• Is any of your co-workers competing with you for projects or roles?
• Is your job changing?
• Can technological changes threaten your position?
• Could any of your weaknesses lead to threats?
 Benefits of SWOT Analysis

• Helps to develops strategies to attain your goals

• You can be better than your friends and colleagues
• Shows where you currently stand on the path of success
• Measures your scopes of reaching desired goals
• Boosts your career, life and personality
• Helps to better understand who you really are as a person
• Maximizes your strengths and diminishes your weaknesses
• Explores and also enhances your soft skills and hard skills
• It helps you understand your preferences and personality traits.
• Focuses on your attitudes, abilities, skills, capabilities and capacities