GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
CLEANING THE INSTRUMENTS
ATTACHING THE DRAWING SHEET TO DRAWING TABLE AFTER
CORRECT ALIGNMENT THROUGH THE DRAFTING EDGE
BORDER LINES:
Perfectly rectangular working space is determined by drawing the border
lines.
These may be drawn at equal distances of about 1-inch from top, bottom
and right hand edges of the paper and about 1.5-inch from the left
hand edge.
TO DRAW BORDER LINES
Marking the points and draw top and bottom horizontal lines with the
help of drafting edge or T-square
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Marking points on horizontal borders for the vertical lines.
Erasing the extra lengths of lines beyond the points of intersection.
One more horizontal line at about 1-inch from the bottom border line
may also be drawn and the space divided into three blocks. The title
block must be drawn in the left hand bottom corner above block-3, in
which
Name of the Institution
title of the drawing, and
name class etc. of the student may be written
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
SPACING OF DRAWING:
If one drawing is to be drawn on a sheet it should be in the centre of
the working space.
For more than one figure, the space should be divided into suitable
blocks and each figure should be drawn in the centre of its respective
block.
LETTERING INSTRUCTIONS
LETTERING:
Writing of titles, dimensions, notes and other important
particulars on a drawing is called lettering.
Lettering should be done properly in clear, legible
and uniform style.
It should be done in plain and simple style so that it
could be done freehand and speedily.
Use of drawing instruments in lettering takes
considerable time and hence it should be avoided.
LETTERING INSTRUCTIONS
SINGLE STROKE LETTERS:
BIS recommends single-stroke lettering for use in
engineering drawing.
The word single-stroke should not be taken to mean
that the letter should be made in one stroke without
lifting the pencil. It actually means that the thickness
of the line of the letter should be such as is obtained
in one stroke of pencil.
Horizontal lines should be drawn from LEFT TO
RIGHT
Vertical or inclined lines, from TOP TO BOTTOM.
LETTERING INSTRUCTIONS
Single stroke letters are of two types:
1. Vertical
2. Inclined
Inclined letters lean to the right, the slope being 75
degree with the horizontal.
The size of the letter is described by its height.
According to the height of letters, they are classified
as:
1. Lettering “A” (refer to table)
2. Lettering “B” (refer to table)
LETTERING INSTRUCTIONS
“A” type:
The height of the capital letter is divided into 14 parts
“B” type:
The height of the capital letter is divided into 10 parts
DIMENSIONING OF LETTERING TYPE “A”
DIMENSIONING OF LETTERING TYPE “B”
LETTERING INSTRUCTIONS
LETTERING INSTRUCTIONS
Alphabet and numerals should neither touch each other
nor the lines.
Letters should be so written that they appear upright from
the bottom edge, except when they are used for
dimensioning. For dimensioning, they may appear upright
from the bottom edge for the right hand side or the corner
in between.
Letters should be so spaced that the area between letters
appear equal.
Its not necessary to keep the clearances between adjacent
letters equal, e.g. LA, TV or Tr.
Obtain constant line density. All letters should be uniform
in shape, size, shade and spacing.
LETTERING
GOTHIC LETTERS:
Stems of single-stroke letters, if given more thickness,
form what are know as gothic letters. These are
mostly used for main titles of ink drawings. The
outline of the letters are first drawn with aid of
instruments then filled in with ink.
The thickness of the stem may vary from 1/5 to 1/10 of
the height of the letters.
GOTHIC LETTERING
Task 2
Draw four squares of 10cm x 10cm
Draw vertical lines in the first square using 2H pencil spaced
1cm each.
Draw horizontal lines in the second square using H pencil
spaced 1 cm each.
Draw inclined lines at 45o in the third square using HB pencil
spaced 1 cm each.
Draw inclined lines at 45o in the third square using 2H pencil
spaced 0.5 cm each.
Note: They should be well centred
Task 2
Gothic lettering using instruments (Capital only).
Height - 4 cm
Free hand writing (Capital and small letters). Height -
2 cm
Title: Lines and Lettering