3G BASICS
Jorge E. Telosa, Jr.
Course Outline
1. UMTS Evolution from Previous
Technologies
2. UMTS Architecture
3. UMTS Air Interface
4. UTRAN RRM
5. Related UTRAN Parameters
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UMTS Evolution from
Previous Technologies
UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies
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UMTS Architecture
UMTS Architecture
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UMTS Architecture
GERAN CORE Network
Gn Gp/Gi
Gb
to ISP
SGSN Gr GGSN
Abis BSC
Um “PCU”
PS Domain
Asub
Ue TRAU D HLR
A
to GMSC,
PSTN or
MSC/VLR other PLMN
CS Domain
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UMTS Architecture
UTRAN CORE Network
IU ps Gn Gp/Gi
IU b Serving to ISP or
RNC
Uu other
NodeB SGSN Gr GGSN SGSN from
Uu Other
IU r
IU cs PS Domain PLMN
Uu IU b HLR
NodeB
Drift-
IU b RNC
to PSTN or
NodeB other PLMN
3G MSC / UMSC
CS Domain
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UMTS Architecture
Core Network
Iu
RNS RNS
Iur
Serving-RNC Drift-RNC
Iub Iub Iub Iub
Node B Node B Node B Node B
Uu
UE
RNS = Radio Network Subsystem
RNC = Radio Network Controller
UE = User Equipment
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UMTS Architecture
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UMTS Architecture
Functionalities of the Network Entities:
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UMTS Architecture
Functionalities of the Network Entities:
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UMTS Architecture
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UMTS Architecture
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UMTS Air Interface
UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
FDMA
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
Physical Channels
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
Transport Channels
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
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UMTS Air Interface
Logical Channels
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UMTS Air Interface
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UTRAN RRM
UTRAN RRM
Page 74
UTRAN RRM
Admission Control
Decision if incoming new RAB or new Radio link can be
accepted or not
Decision is based on the available resources in the cell
and the resource requirements of the new RAB
Admission Control is involved at:
– Radio link setup
– Radio link reconfiguration (up-/downgrading of data rate)
– Radio link release
– Soft/Softer Handover (RL Addition, Deletion, Replacement)
– Transport Channel type switching
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UTRAN RRM
Admission Control
Setup of new bearer Handover of Bearer Release of bearer Measurements
UL load evaluation UL load evaluation Update of UL load RTWP
Transmitted
DL load evaluation DL load evaluation Update of DL load Carrier power
Congestion indication?
Admission / drop
Update of UL/DL load
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UTRAN RRM
Remark: estimated load is mainly defined
– in UL by UL interference (own/other cell + receiver noise)
– in DL by total DL transmission power
Max. DL load for 100% 100% Max. UL load for
SHO RAB SHO RAB
Cell load (UL)
Cell load (DL)
Max. DL load for Max. UL load for
new RAB new RAB
Common channel
Receiver noise
power
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UTRAN RRM
Congestion Control
Congestion Control is required to prevent and resolve
unstable states in the system
First part: System Monitoring and Congestion Detection,
done by measurements of RSSI (UL) and Transmitted
Carrier Power (DL)
As soon as either maximum UL or DL Congestion
threshold is reached, start measures to reduce
congestion (in UL, or DL respectively)
Second part: Selection of RABs for
– downgrading (by increasing SF)
– dropping
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UTRAN RRM
Radio Bearer Control
URA change Cell change
max. number
CELL_ URA_ CELL_ of cell updates CELL_ CELL_
FACH PCH FACH PCH FACH
Time to Trigger T
FACH-PCH
and buffer empty
Timeout T , Timeout T ,
URA-Idle PCH-Idle
max. number of Data max. number of
RRC connections RRC connections
Traffic Volume Data
Underflow
CELL_ CELL_ CELL_ CELL_
FACH DCH FACH FACH
Traffic Volume
Overflow
RRC
RRC Setup RRC
Transitions triggered by algorithms
Rel. Rel.
Other protocol transitions
Idle RRC states
Mode Transient state required for signalling
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UTRAN RRM
RRC Connected States
CELL_FACH
– UE listens to the FACH, and the BCH
– Transmission of data on RACH (UL) / FACH (DL); No DCH; No paging
– CELL_UPDATE when crossing cell boundaries
CELL_DCH
– DCH allocated
– CELL_UPDATE when crossing cell boundaries
CELL_PCH
– The UE listens to the PCH and the BCH
– No uplink channels. Only reachable by paging via the PCH
– When crossing a cell boundary, switch to CELL_FACH state for CELL_UPDATE
message
URA_PCH
– The UE listens to the PCH
– No uplink channels; Only reachable by paging via the PCH
– Current cell position of the UE within URA is not known to UTRAN
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UTRAN RRM
Transport Channel Type Switching
CELL_DCH to CELL_FACH
– Triggered by Traffic underflow (UL and DL) and timer (“tdch_fach”) expired
CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH
– Triggered by Traffic overflow (UL or DL) and timer (“tfach_dch)” expired
CELL_FACH to CELL_PCH
– Empty buffer and timer (“tfach_pch”) expired
CELL_PCH to CELL_FACH
– Data
CELL_PCH to URA_PCH (via CELL_FACH)
– Max. cell boundary crossing (“max_ccros”)
URA_PCH to CELL_FACH
– Data
CELL_PCH/URA_PCH to Idle
– Timer (“tpch_idle”) or
– maximum number of RRC connections to be released (“mxrrcc_rclp”)
Idle to CELL_DCH
– Admission control
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UTRAN RRM
Thresholds and timers from switching between
CELL_FACH and CELL_DCH state and vice versa
Traffic
volume DCH Trigger (measurement report)
Time to trigger tfach_dch
Upper payload threshold (“ul_upt, dl_upt”)
CCH Trigger (measurement report)
Time to trigger tdch_fach Lower payload threshold (“ul_lpt, dl_lpt”)
Time
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UTRAN RRM
Power Control
•DL Common Channel Power Control
•Open Loop PC (part of Access control)
provides a rough initial power setting of the UE at the beginning of a
connection
done by adjusting the UE power based on the measured DL signal
•Closed Loop PC
NodeB measures the SIR (Signal to Interference Ratio) of the dedicated UL
channels, compares them with a target SIR, and orders the UEs to increase or
decrease their power
Two types: Inner Loop PC and Outer Loop PC
(Fast) Inner Loop PC: Controls the powers by comparing received signal SIR
with target SIR
Outer Loop PC: Controls the powers also by adjusting the target SIRs in the
NodeB according to the needs of the individual Radio link
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UTRAN RRM
DL Common Channel Power Control
Objective is to set the DL Common Channel Powers just
high enough that UE is still able to decode the channels for
successful network access
DL Common Channels on the physical layer: P-CPICH,
P-CCPCH (= BCH), S-CCPCH (PCH and FACH), P-SCH,
S-SCH, PICH, AICH
Remark: Names in brackets are the respective transport
channels
The power levels are cell specific parameters
Their settings define the cell area
P-CPICH is set as an absolute value (in dBm). All other
channels are set as relative values to the P-CPICH
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UTRAN RRM
DL Common Channel Power Control
P-CPICH: Primary CPICH Tx power : Indicates the total
transmitted power of the CPICH (“pwr_pcpit”)
P-SCH and S-SCH: power offsets to decode CPICH (“po_psch”,
“po_ssch”)
P-CCPCH: power offset to decode SIBs (“po_bch”)
AICH: power offset to receive RRC connection request on Iub
(“po_aich”)
S-CCPCH and PICH: power offsets to receive paging on UE
(“po_pich”, “po_pch, “mfachp”)
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UTRAN RRM
Open Loop Power Control
Simple algorithm used during the random access process
RACH uses Open Loop PC to adjust the UE power to a
minimum required level
Performed by the UE
UE adjusts its transmission power based on DL NodeB
power
UE sets first preamble based on DL NodeB power
UE sends consecutive preambles with increasing power until
the UTRAN receives it and notifies back to the UE (on AICH)
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UTRAN RRM
Inner Loop Power Control
UL PC
– NodeB estimates received SIR and compares it to target
SIR
• measured SIR > target SIR --> NodeB orders UE to lower its
power
• measured SIR < target SIR --> NodeB orders UE to increase its
power
– Executed at a rate of 1500 times per second for each UE
– performed on DPDCH (dedicated physical data channel)
and DPCCH (dedicated physical control channel)
DL PC
– performed in the DL in the same way as for UL PC
– performed on DPCH (dedicated physical channel)
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UTRAN RRM
Outer Loop Power Control
It adjusts the target SIR in the NodeB according to the needs
of the individual Radio link
Aims at a constant quality (target BER or target BLER) for an
individual Radio link
Performed in both UL and DL
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UTRAN RRM
Handover Control
GSM GSM
Intersystem HO:
Triggered by limited
coverage of UMTS
UMTS cells (f1)
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UTRAN RRM
Handover Control
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UTRAN RRM
Handover Control
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UTRAN RRM
Handover Control
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UTRAN RRM
Handover Control
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UTRAN RRM
Handover Control
Necessity to perform GSM measurements while holding the
UTRAN connection
First possibility: UE has dual synthesizer --> no Compressed
Mode necessary
Second possibility: UE has only one synthesizer and/or
supports only a fixed duplex separation between UL and DL
frequency --> Compressed Mode necessary
Compressed Mode means that UTRAN transmission on DCH is
periodically interrupted for a short time interval, during which
the UE is able to tune into the GSM frequency
– Inclusion of transmission gaps in “Compressed” frames
– Performance of GSM measurements during these gaps
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UTRAN RRM
One frame Transmission gap available for
(10 ms) inter-frequency measurements
RNC starts Compressed Mode simultaneously at UE
and Node B
Compressed Frames either periodically or on demand
By reducing the SF by a factor of two, the desired
information can be sent during half the time
In compressed frames transmit power is increased
(~ 3dB) in order to keep quality (BER, FER)
Inter-System Measurements during Transmission Gaps
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UTRAN RRM
Handover Control
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UTRAN RRM
Handover Control
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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Related UTRAN
Parameters
Cell Data Parameters
cre cell iub cellid=22951 nodebid=0 cellid_lcl=0
uarfcn=9763,10713 max_dltp=43 t_cell=0 sac=22951
rac=20 lac=10015 nwom=md2 atdt=mnd tmr_cspu=180
t312=10 n312=1 t313=15 n313=200 n315=1
id_ura=10015 tpcu=30 t302=4000 n302=3 t307=30
sc_pcpi=176 pwr_pcpit=33 po_bch=-3 po_psch=-3
po_ssch=-3 dclc_utran=7 poffset=40 pwval_max=3
t316=30 t317=180 cio=0 t300=4000 n300=2 t309=5
t314=0 t315=0 sac_cbs=22951 plmn_vt=188 po_thra=0
flag_asup=off t304=1000 n304=1 t308=40 sscode=0
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Related UTRAN
Parameters
External Cell Data Parameters
cre euc mcc=515 mnc=02 rncid=17 cellid=6001
uarfcn=9763,10713 rac=11 lac=10015 sc_pcpi=72
pwr_pcpit=33 maut=24 qqualm=-18 qrxlevmin=-115
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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Radio Bearer Control Parameters
cre rbc tfach_dchue=20 tbra_riue=1280 tbra_rdue=2560
tdch_fachr=0 tfach_pchr=300 tpch_idler=7200
thsdsch_fach=0 ulbra_ript=4K ulbra_rdpt=128
ul_fdpt=1024 dl_upt=1024 max_ccros=20 srbr=13.6
dch_inact=true ch_nonrab=dedc ch_ibrab=dedc
ini_pib=64_64 t_strminact=0 flag_preempt=false
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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Congestion Control Parameters
cre cell cctl cellid=22951 nodebid=0 ul_cngt=62
ul_cngh=2 dl_cngt=0.9 dl_cngh=0.07 mmti_rtwbp=10
mmti_tcp=10 k=3 ebd=dis etpchr=dis peri_cngh=1
mmfc_rtwp=2 mmfc_tcrp=2 cc_emg=false
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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Admission Control Parameters
cre cell adc cellid=22951 nodebid=0 w_ulscf=1
mul_ncrb=2 mulfnsrb=2 mdlp_ncrb=1 mdlp_nsrb=1
mulfshrls=2 mdlp_shrls=1 mul_npirb=2#2
mdlp_npirb=2#1.77 mul_npbrb=2#2 mdlp_npbrb=2#1.77
mul_nrbi=2 mdlp_nrbi=1 mul_emg=2 mdlp_emg=2
min_sf=8 ulpol_comm=0.5 dlpol_comm=0.5 inv_ulscf=0.5
inv_dlscf=1.5 inv_thrmns=-105 w_dlscf=1 mmfc_rtwp=2
mmfc_tcrp=2 minsf_hsdpa=8 actrc_hsdpa=8
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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Intrafrequency Handover Control Parameters
cre ifmrms ftce=3 mmq=ecn0 actset=3 rng_repo1a=5
ofs_reporng=0 w1a=0 hyst1a=2 tmtrg1a=640 ramnt1a=2
rintvl1a=1000 rng_repo1b=5 w1b=0 hyst1b=2
tmtrg1b=640 hyst1c=3 tmtrg1c=640 ramnt1c=2
rintvl1c=1000 hyst1d=6 tmtrg1d=640
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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Restriction Control Parameters
cre rsta thr1=83 thr_rs1=78 thr2=93 thr_rs2=88 rr1=80
rr2=100 cgc=01 peri=6
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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Intersystem Handover Control
Parameters
cre ishc mq_fqe=rscp ftce=0 thruf_2dug=-94 wuf_2dug=0
hyst_2dug=0 tmtrg_2dug=640 thruf_2f=-91 wuf_2f=0
hyst_2f=0 tmtrg_2f=640 mq_uqe=rscp ftce_utran=0
ftce_gsm=0 bsic_veri=rqr cco_alwd=true thrown_3a=-97
throth_3a=-90 w_3a=0 hyst_3a=0 tmtrg_3a=320
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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Buffer Utilization Parameters
cre bumi avgperi=1000 uthr_incr=80 uthr_decr=20
tmtrg_incr=3 tmtrg_decr=3 ptrg_incr=1000
ptrg_decr=1000
Page 107