ONLINE LECTURE NO.
4
CLASS:9 (A,B&C)
th
SUBJECT:BIOLOGY
CHAPTER:-PLANT CELL
Respiration:
All living things get the energy they need to live
from a chemical reaction called Respiration. This
process needs glucose as a starting point.
Plant cells respire, just as animal cells do. If they
stop respiring, they will die. Remember that
respiration is not the same as breathing.
Respiration and photosynthesis are opposites.
Respiration uses oxygen and produces carbon
dioxide. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide
and produces oxygen.
Plants respire all the time, whether it is dark or
light. They photosynthesise only when they are
in the light.
Overview of Cellular Respiration
• Breaking down food (glucose) to produce
ATP
•Transfer of stored chemical energy (glucose)
into a useable form (ATP)
•Occurs continuously inside of the
mitochondria of BOTH plant and
animals!!
Respiration:
The process which helps in releasing of energy from cells of the body
is Respiration It is a catabolic process
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the metabolic process that serves as the foundation for both
aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. In glycolysis, glucose is
converted into pyruvate. Glucose is a six- membered ring molecule found
in the blood and is usually a result of the breakdown of carbohydrates
into sugars.
Aerobic Respiration
The breakdown of glucose in cells in the presence of oxygen is called
aerobic respiration.
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
Example:C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (energy currency of cell)
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) undergoes hydrolysis to give adenosine
diphosphate (ADP), inorganic phosphorus, and energy.
One mole of glucose yields 38 molecules of ATP on complete oxidation.
Breakdown of glucose occurs in 2 major events which are controlled by
enzymes.
Adenosine TriPhosphate (ATP)
•Useable form of energy for the cell
•Release of energy stored in chemical bonds
Break bond
ATP: A---P---P---P
Release
ENERGY
ADP: A---P---P P
Cellular Respiration Reaction
Chemical Enzymes
energy Useable
Glucose + Oxygen ATP + Water + Carbon Dioxide
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
Enzymes
C6H12O6 + 6O2 36 ATP + 6H2O + 6CO2
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
Inside the Mitochondria
Cellular Respiration
food
enzymes
ATP
O2
CO2
H2O
Structure of the Mitochondria
Contains two membranes
Outer membrane covers the organelle and
contains it.
Inner membrane folds over many times
(cristae) increasing the surface area for
chemical reactions.
The matrix is the fluid inside of the
mitochondria.
Anaerobic Respiration:
The breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen
is called anaerobic respiration.
Sometimes, glucose undergoes incomplete
oxidation to form ethanol and carbon dioxide and a
lesser amount of energy is released. This is
anaerobic respiration or fermentation. It may occur
temporarily in plants and in our muscle cells when
oxygen is not available. Some bacteria and fungi
always show anaerobic respiration.
glucose → lactic acid +carbon dioxide(+ energy
released)
The process of anaerobic respiration results in the formation of
alcohol (in plants) or lactic acid (in animals) along with the
release of carbon dioxide and energy. Water is not released in
this process. 2 ATP energy is released during anaerobic
respiration.
Organisms that do not require the presence of oxygen for the
process of respiration are called anaerobes.
Anaerobic respiration also happens in plant cells and
some microorganisms and these organisms are called
anaerobes. Anaerobic respiration in yeast is used during
brewing and bread-making:
glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
In muscle cells: Pyruvate → lactate + CO₂+H₂O. Lactic builds
up in the muscles may cause cramps and soreness.
Anaerobic Respiration
O2
Process of making ATP WITHOUT oxygen
Also known as fermentation
Why undergo anaerobic?
No oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria)
Takes place in the cytoplasm!
Makes very little ATP – only 2!
Large animals cannot survive
yeast
bacteria