Computer Programming & Application

(CSC430)

Chapter 1
Introduction to Computers
Nurul Hidayah Mat Zain
Faculty of Computer Sciences & Matematical
Sciences
University Technology MARA
Sem Dec 2009 – Apr 2010
Chapter 1 Objectives

Recognize
Recognizethe
theimportance
importanceof
of
computer
computerliteracy
literacy
Describe
Describethe
thecategories
categoriesof
ofcomputers
computers
Identify
Identifythe
thecomponents
componentsof
of
aacomputer
computer
Identify
Identifythe
thetypes
typesofof
computer
computerusers
users
Discuss
Discussthe
theuses
usesof
ofthe
theInternet
Internetand
and
World
WorldWide
WideWebWeb
Discuss
Discussvarious
variouscomputer
computer
applications
applicationsin
insociety
society
Identify
Identifythe
thecategories
categoriesof
ofsoftware
software

Next
 A World of Computers

What is computer literacy?

 Knowledge and understanding
of computers and their uses
 Computers are everywhere

p. 2 - 3 Fig. 1-1 Next

 What Is a Computer?

How is a computer defined?

 Electronic device operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory

Processes data into

Accepts data information
Raw facts, figures, and
Data that is organized,
symbols
meaningful, and useful

Produces and stores results

p. 3 Next
 Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
What are the advantages of using computers?

Speed Reliability Consistency

Storage Communications

p. 5 Next
 Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
What are the disadvantages of using computers?

Violation of Impact on
Privacy Labor Force

Impact on
Health Risks
Environment

p. 5 Next
 What Is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle?
 Input
 Process
 Output
 Storage
 Communication

p. 5 Fig. 1-2 Next

 The Components of a Computer
What is an input device?
 Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Input Devices
below Chapter 1
p. 6 Fig. 1-3 Next
 The Components of a Computer
What is an output device?
 Hardware that
conveys
information
to one or more
people

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Output Devices
below Chapter 1
p. 7 Fig. 1-3 Next
 The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit?
 Box-like case
containing
electronic
components
used to process
data

p. 7 Fig. 1-3 Next

 The Components of a Computer
What are two main components on the motherboard?

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Also called a processor
The electronic component that interprets and carries
out the basic instructions that operate the computer

Memory
Consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by
those instructions

p. 7 Next
 The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
 Holds data, instructions, and information
for future use

Storage
Storagemedia
media
Physical
Physicalmaterial
materialon
onwhich
whichdata,
data,instructions,
instructions,
and
andinformation
informationare
arestored
stored

Storage
Storagedevice
device
Records
Recordsand
andretrieves
retrievesitems
itemstotoand
andfrom
from
aastorage
storagemedium
medium

p. 7 Next
 The Components of a Computer
What is storage media?

Hard Disks

Floppy Disks CDs

Memory Cards

USB Flash Drives DVDs

p. 7 Next
 The Components of a Computer
What is a storage device?

Retrieves
Retrieves
Records
Records(writes)
(writes) (reads)
(reads)
items
itemsto
tostorage
storage items
itemsfrom
from
media
media storage
storage
Often function media
media
Often function
as
asaasource
source
of
ofinput
input

p. 7 Next
 The Components of a Computer
What is a floppy disk?
 Thin, circular,
flexible disk
enclosed in rigid
plastic shell

p. 7 Next
 The Components of a Computer
What is a USB flash drive?
 Provides much
greater storage
capacity than a
floppy disk or
Zip® disk
 Small and
lightweight enough
to be transported
on a keychain or
in a pocket

p. 7 Next
 The Components of a Computer
What is a hard disk?
 Provides greater storage
capacity than a
floppy disk, Zip disk, or
USB flash drive
 Most are housed inside
of the system unit

p. 7 Fig. 1-4 Next

 The Components of a Computer
What is a compact disc?
 Flat, round, portable metal disc
 CD-ROM
 DVD-ROM

p. 7 Fig. 1-5 Next

 The Components of a Computer
What is a communications device?

Hardware
Hardwarecomponent
componentthatthat
enables
enablesaacomputer
computerto to
send
sendand
andreceive
receivedata,
data,instructions,
instructions,
and
andinformation
information

Occurs
Occursover
overcables,
cables,telephone
telephone
lines,
lines,cellular
cellularradio
radionetworks,
networks,
satellites,
satellites,and
andother
other
transmission
transmissionmedia
media
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Communications
Devices below Chapter 1
p. 8 Next
 Networks and the Internet
 A network is a collection of computers and devices
connected together

To
Toshare
share

Resources
Resources
Hardware
Hardware
devices
devices Software
Software
programs
programs Data
To
Tosave
save
Data
time
Information time
Information
and
and
money
money

p. 8 Next
 Networks and the Internet
What is the Internet?
 Worldwide collection of networks that connects
millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Internet
below Chapter 1
p. 8 Fig. 1-6 Next
 Networks and the Internet
Why do users access the Internet?
1. Communications
2. Information
3. Shopping
4. Banking and Investing
5. Classes
6. Entertainment
7. Download Music
8. Share Information

p. 9 Fig. 1-7 Next

 Networks and the Internet
What is the Web?
 Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to
anyone connected to the Internet
You
Youcan
canshare
share AApodcast
podcast isis
information
informationby
by
AAWeb site is
Web site is recorded
recordedaudio
audio
creating
creating Web
Web pages
pages
aacollection
collectionof of stored
storedon onaaWeb
Website site
or
or posting
postingphotos
photoson
on
related
relatedWeb Webpages
pages that
thatcan
canbe
be
aaphoto
photosharing
sharing downloaded
downloaded
community
community
AAWebWebpage
pagecontains
contains AAblog
blogconsists
consistsof
oftime-
time-
text, graphics, audio,
text, graphics, audio, stamped
stamped articles
articlesinin
video,
video,and
andlinks
linkstoto aajournal
journalformat
format
Click to view other
other Web
Web pages
pages
Web Link,
click Chapter 1,
Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Blogs below Chapter 1
p. 10 Next
 Computer Software

What is software?

Consists
Consistsofofaaseries
series
of
ofinstructions
instructionsthat
that Also
Alsocalled
calledaa
tells
tellsthe
thecomputer
computer program
program
what
whattotodo
do

p. 10 Next
 Computer Software

What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

 Allows you to
interact with the
software using
graphics and icons
 Controls how you
enter data and how
the screen displays
information

p. 10 Fig. 1-8 Next

 Computer Software

What is system software?

 Programs that control or maintain the operations of
the computer and its devices

Operating
OperatingSystem
System(OS)
(OS)
isisaaset
setof
ofprograms
programs
that
thatcoordinates
coordinatesallall
activities
activitiesamong
among
computer
computerhardware
hardware
devices Utility
UtilityPrograms
Programsallow
allowthe
theuser
usertoto
devicesandandallows
allows perform
users
userstotorun
run performmaintenance-type
maintenance-typetasks
tasks
application usually
usuallyrelated
relatedtotomanaging
managingaa
applicationsoftware
software computer,
computer,its
itsdevices
devicesor
orits
itsprograms
programs

p. 10 - 11 Next
 Computer Software

What is application software?

 Programs that perform
specific tasks for users

Word
Spreadsheet
Processing

Presentation
Database
Graphics

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Application Software
below Chapter 1
p. 11 Fig. 1-9 Next
 Computer Software

How do you install and run programs?

Step 1: INSTALL
When you insert a greeting
card program disc
in the CD drive for the first
time, the computer
begins the procedure of
installing the greeting
card program on the hard
disk.

Step 3: USE Step 2: RUN

The greeting card program Once installed, you can
executes. Using this program, instruct the computer to run
you can create custom greeting the greeting card program.
cards. The computer transfers
instructions from the hard
disk to memory.

p. 11 - 12 Fig. 1-10 Next

 Computer Software

What is a programmer?
 Someone who develops
application or system
software
 Programmer writes
the instructions to
direct the computer to
process data into
information

p. 12 Fig. 1-11 Next

 Categories of Computers

What are the categories of computers?

Personal Computers
(desktop)
Mobile Computers and
Mobile Devices

Game Consoles

Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded Computers
p. 13 Next
 Personal Computers

What are the two most popular series of personal

computers?
 Apple Macintosh
 PC and compatibles uses the Macintosh
use the Windows operating system
operating system (Mac OS)

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 1, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click Personal
Computers below Chapter 1
p. 14 Figs. 1-13–1-14 Next
 Personal Computers
What is a desktop computer?
 Designed so all of the components fit on or under
a desk or table

p. 14 Fig. 1-13 Next

 Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a notebook computer?
 Portable, small enough
to fit on your lap
 Also called a laptop
computer
 Generally more
expensive than a desktop
computer

p. 14 - 15 Fig. 1-15 Next

 Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a Tablet PC?
 Resembles a letter-sized slate
 Allows you to write on the
screen using a digital pen
 Especially useful for taking
notes

p. 15 Fig. 1-16 Next

 Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a handheld computer?

Small
enough to fit
Used
in one
by mobile
hand
employees such as
meter readers and
delivery people

p. 15 Next
 Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?
 Provides personal organizer functions
 Calendar
 Appointment book
 Address book
 Calculator
 Notepad

p. 15 Fig. 1-17 Next

 Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What are smart phones?

A smart phone is
an Internet-enabled
telephone that usually
provides PDA capabilities

p. 16 Figs. 1-18 Next

 Game Consoles
What are game consoles?
Mobile computing device designed for
single-player or multiplayer video games

p. 16 Fig. 1-19 Next

 Servers
What types of servers are there?
A server controls access to network
resources and provides centralized
storage
Mainframe Very powerful,
expensive computer that supports
thousands of computers
Supercomputer The fastest, most
powerful, most expensive
computer. Used for applications
requiring complex mathematical
calculations

p. 16 - 17 Figs. 1-20–1-22 Next

 Embedded Computers
What is an embedded computer?
 A special-purpose computer that functions as a
component in a larger product

p. 17 - 18 Fig. 1-23 Next

 Examples of Computer Usage
What are five categories of computer users?
 Home User
 Small Office/Home Office User
 Mobile User
 Power User
 Large Business User

p. 18 Next
 Examples of Computer Usage
What software is available for a home user?
 Personal Finance Management
 Web access
 Communications
 Entertainment

p. 18 - 19 Fig. 1-24 Next

 Examples of Computer Usage
What software is available for a small
office/home office (SOHO) user?
 Productivity
software
 Specialty
software
 Web usage
 E-mail

p. 20 Fig. 1-25 Next

 Examples of Computer Usage

What is available for

a mobile user?
 Hardware
 Notebook computers
 PDAs
 Smart phones
 Tablet PCs
 Software
 Word processing
 Spreadsheet
 Presentation graphics
software

p. 20 Fig. 1-26 Next

 Examples of Computer Usage

What are the needs of a power user?

 Speed and large amounts of storage
 Types of power users
 Engineers
 Architects
 Desktop publishers
 Graphic artists

p. 21 Fig. 1-27 Next

 Examples of Computer Usage

What are the needs of the large business user?

 Payroll
 Inventory
 E-commerce
 Desktop
publishing

p. 21 - 22 Figs. 1-28–1-29 Next

 Computer Applications in Society

What are some examples

of computer applications
in society?
 Education
 Finance
 Government
 Healthcare
 Science
 Publishing
 Travel
 Manufacturing

p. 22-25 Figs. 1-30–1-37 Next

Summary of Introduction to Computers

The
Thecomputer
computerand
andits
itscomponents
components
Categories
Categoriesof
ofcomputers
computers
What
Whatisisaanetwork?
network?
Types
Typesof
ofcomputer
computerusers
users
The
TheInternet
Internetand
andthe
the
World
WorldWide
WideWeb
Web
Computer
Computerapplications
applicationsin
insociety
society
Types
Typesof
ofsoftware
software

Chapter 1 Complete