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Stages of Fire Development Explained

The stages of fire are: 1. Ignition: Fuel, oxygen and heat join in a sustained chemical reaction starting the fire. 2. Growth: With the initial flame as a heat source, additional fuel ignites. 3. Fully developed: Fire has spread over available fuel and temperatures reach their peak, resulting in heat damage.

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Kehinde Olaoluwa
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235 views8 pages

Stages of Fire Development Explained

The stages of fire are: 1. Ignition: Fuel, oxygen and heat join in a sustained chemical reaction starting the fire. 2. Growth: With the initial flame as a heat source, additional fuel ignites. 3. Fully developed: Fire has spread over available fuel and temperatures reach their peak, resulting in heat damage.

Uploaded by

Kehinde Olaoluwa
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Stages of Fire
  • Methods of Heat Transmission
  • Conduction
  • Radiation
  • Direct Burning
  • Class Assignment

STAGES OF FIRE

Ignition: Fuel, oxygen and heat join together in a sustained


chemical reaction.
Growth: With the initial flame as a heat source, additional
fuel ignites. ...
Fully developed: Fire has spread over much if not all the
available fuel; temperatures reach their peak, resulting in heat
damage.
• Recognizing the stages of fire development and likely progression
through this process allows firefighters to predict what will happen
next (if action is not taken), potential changes due to unplanned
ventilation (such as failure of a window), and the likely effect of
tactical action.
• Fire behavior is commonly defined as the manner in which fuel
ignites, flame develops, and fire spread and exhibits other related
phenomena as determined by the interaction of fuels, weather, and
topography
Methods of Heat Transmission
• Once a fire has started there are four methods by which it can spread:
convection, conduction, radiation and direct burning.
• Convection is the process whereby heat moves through a gas or
liquid. When a gas orliquid, such as air or water, is heated it expands
and becomes less dense. As a result itrises and cooler air or water is
drawn in to replace it, creating a current.© RRC Training
CONDUCTION

• Heat may be transmitted through certain materials, known as


conductors, without those materials themselves actually burning. This
is particularly the case with metals.
• The heat generated by a fire (or any other process producing heat)
may therefore be transferred to a separate location where it can act
as a source of ignition.
• This has important implications for many steel frame buildings which
feature widespread use of metal within the structure of the building
(e.g. steel girders) and the services which run through it, such as pipes
and various types of ducting.
RADIATION
• Radiation is the general term for the process by which energy is lost from
a source without direct contact.
• Heat radiation refers to the process whereby the heat given off by hot
objects passes through air and through certain types of transparent
material such as glass.
• This radiant heat can in itself be sufficient to act as a source of ignition.
For example, radiators are an obvious source of heat and clothes which
are left to dry too close to them may catch fire. Similarly, light bulbs give
out heat (and in the case of certain types of spot lights, a large amount of
heat) and any fabrics or flammable materials whichare too close may start
to burn
• The intensity of radiant heat diminishes with the distance from its
source.
• However, depending on the temperature of the source, heat transfer
may take place over quite large distances. For example, a fire burning
on one side of a street may be sufficient to cause materials on the
other side of the street to ignite.
DIRECT BURNING
• This occurs where heat is transferred directly by contact from one
substance to another. If a piece of paper catches alight then the heat
(in the form of flames) can spread to the next piece of paper and then
to the next until a whole area is on fire.
• Similarly, oil based paint on walls can spread fire, as can a pool or trail
of flammable liquid. Note that direct burning can take place across a
gap where the wind conditions allow for flames to be fanned and
thereby come into contact with other separate combustible materials.
This fanning may be the result of simply opening a window or door,
allowing more air into an enclosed space. Note, too, that localised
winds are created by convection
CLASS ASSIGNMENT (Lecture II)
• State 2 examples each (other than those in this text) of fire
transmission by:
• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation

• Submit your answers on the assignment page stating name and


matric nos.

STAGES OF FIRE Ignition: Fuel, oxygen and heat join together in a sustained chemical reaction. Growth: With the initial fla
• Recognizing the stages of fire development and likely progression through this process allows firefighters to predict what
Methods of Heat Transmission • Once a fire has started there are four methods by which it can spread: convection, conductio
CONDUCTION • Heat may be transmitted through certain materials, known as conductors, without those materials themselves actu
RADIATION • Radiation is the general term for the process by which energy is lost from a source without direct contact. • H
• The intensity of radiant heat diminishes with the distance from its source. • However, depending on the temperature of th
DIRECT BURNING • This occurs where heat is transferred directly by contact from one substance to another. If a piece of pape
CLASS ASSIGNMENT (Lecture II) • State 2 examples each (other than those in this text) of fire transmission by: • Conduction

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