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CCNA Week 3: Routing Protocols Explained

Routers operate at the first three layers of the OSI model. They receive packets, examine the destination IP address, and make routing decisions to determine the best path to forward the packet. Routers use routing protocols and routing tables to learn about remote networks and determine the next hop. When a packet is received, the router strips off layer 2 headers, finds the best route using the destination IP, re-encapsulates the packet into a new frame, and forwards it out the appropriate interface.

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5 views15 pages

CCNA Week 3: Routing Protocols Explained

Routers operate at the first three layers of the OSI model. They receive packets, examine the destination IP address, and make routing decisions to determine the best path to forward the packet. Routers use routing protocols and routing tables to learn about remote networks and determine the next hop. When a packet is received, the router strips off layer 2 headers, finds the best route using the destination IP, re-encapsulates the packet into a new frame, and forwards it out the appropriate interface.

Uploaded by

Edgar Giraldo Ardila
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CCNA FAST TRACK

Week 3
DAYS 1, 2 and 3
Routing Protocols and Concepts

 Routers have many of the same hardware and software


components that are found in other computers
including:
CPU
RAM
ROM
Operating System
Routing Protocols and Concepts
Routing Protocols and Concepts

 Like a PC, a router also includes:


Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Random-Access Memory (RAM)
Read-Only Memory (ROM)

 CPU
The CPU executes operating system instructions, such as
system initialization, routing functions, and switching functions.
 Routers and the Network Layer
Routers use destination IP address to forward packets
The path a packet takes is determined after a router consults information in
the routing table.
After router determines the best path
Packet is encapsulated into a frame
Frame is then placed on network medium in form of Bits
 Routers Operate at Layers 1, 2 & 3
Router receives a stream of encoded bits
Bits are decoded and passed to layer 2
Router de-encapsulates the frame
Remaining packet passed up to layer 3
-Routing decision made at this layer by examining destination IP address
Packet is then re-encapsulated & sent out outbound interface
Routing Protocols and Concepts

 Static routes and dynamic routing protocols are used by


routers to learn about remote networks and build their
routing tables.

 As we already discussed, routers perform a routing


table lookup in order to find the next hop and then
reach the desired destination.
 Connected and Static routes
Router Paths and Packet Switching
IPv4 and IPv6 Header Comparison
Router Paths and Packet Switching
 Switching Function of Router is the process used by a
router to switch a packet from an incoming interface to
an outgoing interface on the same router.
-A packet received by a router will do the following:
Strips off layer 2 headers.
Examines destination IP address located in Layer 3
header to find best route to destination.
Re-encapsulates layer 3 packet into layer 2 frame.
Forwards frame out exit interface.
Router Paths and Packet Switching
 As a packet travels from one networking device to another
-The Source and Destination IP addresses NEVER change
-The Source & Destination MAC addresses CHANGE as
packet is forwarded from one router to the next.
-TTL field decrement by one until a value of zero is reached at
which point router discards packet (prevents packets from
endlessly traversing the network)
Router Paths and Packet Switching
 Path determination and switching function details. PC1
Wants to send something to PC 2 here is part of what
happens
Step 1 - PC1 encapsulates packet into a frame. Frame
contains R1’s destination MAC address
Router Paths and Packet Switching
4.2.1Review

[Link]
%20Essentials)/course/module4/[Link]#[Link]

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