EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FLEXURAL

BEHAVIOUR OF RC BEAMS WITH

GRAPHENE OXIDE AND BOTTOM ASH.
Under the guidance of
[Link]
Associate Professor
Department of civil engineering
Pondicherry Engineering college
1 Presented by
Vignesh D (18CE319)
[Link] (Structural Engineering)
II-Year
Pondicherry Engineering college
 2 INTRODUCTION
 The demand of multi-functioning concrete is rising day by day
in order to meet up the advanced structural challenges.
 Thus, the usage of industrial waste in prefered to conserve the
natural resources and to maintain/improve the properties of
concrete the usage of nanoparticle is incorporated.
 This paper represents the importance of the usage of
nanomaterial's and industrial waste in concrete beams to
overcome the present structural challenges.
3 NEED FOR STUDY
 The nanoparticle directly interacts with the bonding of the
cement particles, enhancing various properties.
 Recently, “graphene” (type of carbon nanoparticle) reveled its
excellence in improving the properties of the concrete.
(Tasnuba et al., 2016)
 Graphene oxide (a derivative of graphene) shows a better gain
in strength at a lower concentration when compared to other
nanoparticles. (Shang et al., 2015)
 Availability of Bottom ash at NLC – 7114 MT, utilization of
bottom ash is almost none. *
 Thus the research paper is concentrated on Graphene oxide
and bottom ash based concrete.
* https
://[Link]/new_website/general_information/ash_availability/fly_ash_tps1_may2017.pdf
4 OBJECTIVE

To study the effect of graphene oxide and bottom

ash on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete
beams .
5
SCOPE

 Collection and study of literature.

 To study the material properties of cement, M sand,

bottom ash, Graphene oxide and course aggregate.

 To arrive design mix for M30 grade concrete.

 Replacement of fine aggregate and cement at different

proportions by bottom ash and graphene oxide.

 To study the flexural strength, crack pattern,

maximum deflection and maximum load as per IS :
516 – 1959.
6 Methodology
GO – Graphene oxide
Cement replacement – 0.2%.
Material collection Literature review
BA – Bottom ash
Fine aggregate replacement –
30%, 40%, 50% and 60%.
Preliminary studies

Size – 1*0.15*0.15 m Flexural test

Design of RC beams
Grade – M30

No of specimen - 10 Casting and testing

Report generation Comparative

study
7

MATERIAL PROPERTIES
8 FINE AGGREGATE

Locally available M-sand passing through 4.75 mm sieve was used as

fine aggregate in this research work. The properties of fine aggregate
are determined as per IS: 2386-2016, IS 383-2016

Properties Value

Specific gravity 2.68

Water absorption (%) 0.83

Bulk density(kg/m3) 1511

Fineness modulus 2.941

Gradation Zone II
9 SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE
AGGRIGATE (M-SAND)
WEIGHT
SIZE % WEIGHT CUMULATIVE %
RETAINED
(mm) RETAINED % RETAINED PASSING
(kg)
4.75 0 0 0 100

2.36 0.12 12 12 88

1.18 0.348 34.8 46.8 53.2

0.6 0.226 22.6 69.4 30.6

0.3 0.205 20.5 89.9 10.1

0.15 0.08 8 97.9 2.1

Pan 0.021 2.1 100 0

10 PARTICLE SIZE
DISTRIBUTION OF M-SAND
120

100 100

88
80
% PASSING

60
53.2

40
30.6
20
10.1
2.1
0
0.1 1 10
SIEVE SIZE
11 COURSE AGGREGATE
Coarse aggregate passing through 20mm and retaining on
4.75mm has to be used for experimental work. The physical
properties of coarse aggregate are determined as per IS 2386-
1963 .

Properties Value

Specific gravity 2.72

Water absorption (%) 0.7

Bulk density (kg/m3) 1428

Fineness modulus 8.94

12 CEMENT
Ordinary Portland cement of 43 grade confirming to IS: 8112 – 1989
is used in this project work. The physical properties of the cement
used in this project work were tested in accordance with IS: 4031 –
1988.

Specific gravity 3.09

13 Graphene oxide (powder)
 Density : 2.4g/cm³.
 Thickness : 1.7nm.
 Lateral size : 11µm.
 Colour : dark brown.
14

Literature review
15

[Link] Authors year Title

Performance evaluation of
precast concrete beams
1. Payvandi et. al., 2016
reinforced with multifunctional
graphite nanomaterials.

Name of the
Precast concrete institute Journal
journal
Type of
Experimental study
study
• Pull out test
Parameter • Compressive strength.
analyzed • Flexural strength.
16 Pull Out Test
17 Flexural Behaviour
18

[Link] Authors year Title

Mechanical properties and

2. Pan et. al., 2015 microstructure of a graphene
oxide-cement composite

Name of the
Cement & Concrete Composites
journal
Type of
Experimental methods
study
• Workability.
Parameter • Compressive strength.
analyzed • Flexural strength.
• Elastic modulus.
 19 summary
 The addition of GO enhances the
compressive strength and flexural strength
 Reduction in workability.
 A slight increase in elastic modulus (from
3.48 to 3.70 GPa) is due to the decrease in
the number of shrinkage cracks owning to
GO arresting the micro cracking.

Mean Dia Elastic Compressive Flexural

Sample of spread modulus strength at 7 strength at 7
area (mm) (GPa) days(MPa) days(Mpa)
OPC 68±5 3.48±0.17 31.3±1.5 4.7±0.25
GO-OPC 48±3 3.70±0.13 38.8±1.8 7±0.2
20

[Link] Authors year Title

Investigation on dispertion of
graphene oxide in cement
3. Chuah et. al., 2018
composite using different
surfactant treatments.

Name of the
Construction and Building Materials.
journal
Type of
Experimental study
study

Parameter • Colloidal stability test.

analyzed • Flexural strength.
21 summary

 The dispersion of GO in water was independent of the

degree of sonication. The slight decrease in absorbance
suggested that small amount of GO were lumped together.
 Alkaline solution produced from the separation of NaOH
or KOH could sustain the dispersion of GO up to a pH
value of 13.0, due to this process elimination of the oxygen
groups would be cause for concern.
 Salts containing Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions were dissolved
together with GO to reflect an ion-rich pore solution
during the hydration process. This process affects the
distribution of GO within the cement paste.
22

[Link] Authors year Title

Optimizing content graphene

4. Antonio et. al., 2016
oxide in high strength concrete

Name of the International Journal of scientific research and management

journal (IJSRM)
Type of
Experimental methods
study

Parameter • Compressive strength.

analyzed • Flexural strength.
23 summary
 The samples were tested with grapheme oxide in percentage
of 2% TO 6% by weight to obtain high strengths.
 Graphene oxide is formulated in a liquid base, so it keeps the
colour of concrete intact and does not interfere in the
construction process.
 The compressive strength increases with increasing grapheme
oxide content, up to a maximum of 5% with a maximum
increase of 57.4% at 28 days compared to the control sample.
 The flexural strength increases as the content of graphene
oxide, peaking 4% after which decreases. The maximum
increase of 65.2% relative to the control sample.
24

[Link] Authors year Title

Strength properties and micro-

structural properties of concrete
5. Singh et. al., 2014 containing coal bottom ash as
partial replacement of fine
aggregate

Name of the
Construction and Building Materials
journal
Type of
Experimental study
study

• Compressive strength.
Parameter • Split tensile strength.
analyzed • Modulus of elasticity.
25 summary

 Workability of the concrete decreases with partial(30<) and

full replacement of bottom ash.
 At early age compressive strength reduced marginally on
the inclusion of coal bottom ash in concrete. However, 28
days compressive strength of concrete mixture is improved
and surpassed the compressive strength of control concrete
mixture.
 Modulus of elasticity of concrete mixture containing coal
bottom ash is decreased linearly with the increase in the of
replacement of bottom ash in concrete.
26 CRITICAL SUMMARY

 The flexural strength of Bottom ash based

concrete is comparable to the conventional
concrete at 30 % replacement of fine aggregate.
(Singh et. al.,)
 Increase in bottom ash content decreases
workability rapidly compared to conventional
concrete. (Singh et. al.,)
 Addition of Graphene oxide increases the
flexural strength of the concrete, with rapid
decrease in workability.(Pan et. al.,Antonio et.
al.,)
27 CRITICAL SUMMARY

 The dispersion of Graphene oxide in water

using sonication process is considered to be
efficient and provides better results.(Chuah et.
al.,)
 Thus incorporating both Graphene oxide and
bottom ash may lead to higher replacement of
fine aggregate as well as providing better
mechanical properties.(Payvandi et. al., Pan et.
al.,Antonio et. al., Singh et. al.,)
 28 Work-plan schedule
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
Work
2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2020 2020 2020
LITERATURE
COLLECTION

MATERIAL
COLLECTION

PRELIMINARY
STUDIES

TRIAL MIX & DESIGN

OF RC BEAM

CASTING & TESTING

OF SPECIMEN

COMPARATIVE
STUDY

REPORT
PREPARATION
29 Reference

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34

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35

Thank you