BITES AND
STINGS
Snake bite
• Bites and stings should always be taken
seriously because their effect can be fatal.
• Bites and sting may be occur with the wild
animals. The bites with the wild animals. The
bites may puncture the skin and there may be
wound formation.
Contd..
• It result in further infections. In this condition
the patients needs the hospitalization for the
proper care and removal of poisonous
substance
Sign and symptoms
Panic and fear reaction:-
It occur immediately after the bite.
• Pallor
• Weakness
• Rapid thready pulse
• Cool, clamy skin
• Slow pulse and respiration
Contd..
Local signs include:-
• Fang marks
• Pain
• Swelling
• Redness
• Purple blue discoloration
• Fluid and blood filled blisters
Contd..
Systemic features
• Hypovolemic shock
• Internal bleeding- abdominal pain, nausea,
bloody diarrhoea and vomiting
• Bleeding from nose, gums, urinary tract,
respiratory tract, bloody sputum
First aid
• Lie down the patient on the floor and instruct
him not to move so as to lessen the flow of
lymph and thus minimise the spread of venom.
• Splint the injured limb as if it were fractured
because it will minimise the spread of venom.
• wash bitten area with plain water or soap and
water.
Contd..
• If crepe bandage is not available for applying
above the bitten area then
o Cut the bitten area 2-3 cm deep and remove
the sting
o Let the wound get bleed.
• Transfer the patient to hospital as soon as
possible.
• If possible then kill the snake and take it to the
hospital so the doctor can recognise weather
the snake was poisonous or non poisonous and
can treat the Pt. According to situation
Dog bite
• Rabies is fatal viral disease during which the
victim suffer terribly.
• Animals that carry rabies include domestic
animal such as cats and dogs as well as cattle,
camels, bats etc.
Sign and symptoms
• Fever
• Headache
• Excessive tiredness
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea, vomiting
• Sore throat
• cough
• Sensitive to bright light, loud noises and even
light touch
First aid
Local cleaning of the bite is an extremely
important step:-
• Rinse the wound with copious amounts of
water and then cleanse the area thoroughly with
soap.
• Disinfect the wound with a standard antiseptic
solution.
Contd..
• Apply a dry, sterile dressing to the wound.
• Refer the patient to doctor so he can given a
tetanus toxoid booster and antibiotic
Contd..
Catching the animal
• Catch the animal- dead or alive and place in
quarantine.
• Examine the brain to confirm or rule out the
presence of rabies.
• Shift the patient to the hospital as soon as
possible
Bee and wasp sting
• Bee or wasp sting cause pain and swelling, but
are not usually dangerous unless the victim is
allergic to sting and is stung repeatedly. Small
children and infant can develop severe
reactions to stings.
First aid
• Examine the site of injury.
• If you see the actual sting in the skin, gently
pull it out to prevent infection of any more
venom into the patient.
• Cool the area of sting
• If necessary, use creams or ointments to lessen
the irritation on the area of the sting.
• Wash the site with soap and water