EXERCISE

PROBLEMS
BY: KRISTEL SHANE R. LENON
SPL CE- 5B (INC)
PART I- FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID
DYNAMICS
1. A Fluid flowing in a pipe 30 cm in diameter has a uniform velocity of 4 m/s. The pressure at the center of
the pipe is 40 kPa, and the elevation of the pipe’s center line above an assumed datum is 4.5 m. Compute
the total energy per unit weight of the flowing fluid if it is (a) oil (s = 080) (b) gas (γ = 8.50 N/m3 ).
Required :
a) E of oil Given:
b) E of gas 30 cm 

d = 30 cm
V = 4 m/s
P = 40 Kpa
Z = 4.5 m 4.50 m

DATUM
 
Solution:

 
b)
 PART I- FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID
DYNAMICS
rgy at a point in the flowing liquid is
e pressure in the pipe is 90 kPa. Sg =1.75

Given: 75 mm 

Sg = 1.75
Ø= 75 mm
E= 100 J/N 3.0 m
Z = 3.0 m
Required :
a) Velocity of flow
b) Power
 Solution:

a) Velocity of flow

V m/s

 
b) Power

P= Q E
= ( 0.187) (9810 x 1.75) (100)
P= 321032.25 watts
PART I- FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID
DYNAMICS
3. Point A in the suction pipe is 1 m below the pump. It is mounted with an open manometer which reads
a vacuum of 20 cm of mercury. The pipe is 10 cm in diameter and the flow is 35 liters/s of water. Compute
the total energy at point A with respect to a datum through the pump.
Solution:
  Given:
)
Ø= 10 cm
Q= 35 L/s : 1m
Required
a) Total energy @ point A

A
PART I- FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID
DYNAMICS
  A city requires a flow of 1.5 for its water supply. Determine the diameter of the pipe if the velocity of
4.
flow is to be 1.80 m/s.

 Given:  Solution :

Q = 1.5
Required :
V = 1.8 m/s
a) Diameter of the pipe if 1.5 =
V =1.8 m/s
PART I- FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID
DYNAMICS
5. A pipe line consists of three successive lengths of 500 mm, 400 mm, and 300 mm pipes. With
continuous discharge of 300 liters/s of oil (0.75) compute the mean velocity in each pipe.

 Solution : Given:
For mean velocity of the pipe
0.5m 0.4m 0.3m
Q = 300 L/s
= Ø= 500mm
Ø= 400mm
0.3= Required :
Ø= 300mm
a) Mean velocity of each
pipe
Therefore,
 
PART I- FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID
DYNAMICS
6. A 300 mm pipe is connected by a reducer to a 100 mm pipe. Points 1 and 2 are along the same
elevation. The pressure at point 1 is 200 kPa. The flow is 30 liters/s and the energy lost between 1 and 2 is
equivalent to 20 kPa. Compute the pressure at point 2 if the liquid flowing is water.
 Solution :

1 2
100mm dia.
.
300mm dia.
  
m

 =

=
PART I- FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID
DYNAMICS
7. Compute the velocity of the jet if the larger diameter is 100 mm and the smaller diameter is 30 mm. The
pressure head at point 1 is 30 m of the flowing water and the head lost between points 1 and 2 is 5 % of
the velocity head of the jet.

 
Solution :
By continuity equation,
=

=
=0.09
 =

=
PART I- FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID
DYNAMICS
8. In figure, 40 liters/s of sea water (s=1.03) is flowing from 1 to 2, and the pressure at 1 is 95 kPa while at
2 the pressure is – 20 kPa. Point 2 is 6 m higher than 1. Compute the energy lost in kPa between 1 and 2 if
D1 = 300 mm and D2 = 100 mm.

 
Given:  
Required:
Q = 0.04
S = 1.03
95 kPa
kPa
=0
 Solution:

For energy lost,

P= (1.03)(9810)(10.76)

P=108.722 kPa
PART II: FLOW
MEASUREMENTS:ORIFICES, TUBES ,
WEIRS, ETC.
1. A reservoir having a constant horizontal sectional area of 1860 m2 discharges water over a Cipolleti weir,
the initial head being 40 cm. How long is the crest if 1800 seconds are required to lower the water level in
the reservoir by 35 cm?
 
Given :
A= 1860

35 cm 40 cm
T= 1800s
5 cm
 Solution:
Lt=
 Solution:

Lt=

Lt=

1800L=

1.8L=

L= 3.21 m
PART II: FLOW
MEASUREMENTS:ORIFICES, TUBES ,
WEIRS, ETC.
2. A 90° V – notch weir is located at one end of a tank having a square cross section 10 m by 10 m. If the
initial head on the weir is 1.20 m, how long will it take to discharge 100 m3 of water over the weir?
 Solution:
 
Given :
t= V= 100
A = 100
= H = 1.20 m 1.20 m

= 71.4286
= Required:
t =?
0.20

 
PART II: FLOW
MEASUREMENTS:ORIFICES, TUBES ,
WEIRS, ETC.
3. A cylindrical tank 1 m in diameter and 3 m high contains 1 m of water, 1.20 m of oil (s = 0.80) and air
under a pressure of 16 KPa. Find the theoretical velocity of the jet through a 5 cm diameter orifice 30 cm
above the bottom of the tank
 Solution: Given:
0.80 m Air
d = 5 cm
= 16 + 9.81 (0.8)(1.2) Required:
1.2 m
Vt=? Oil
(0.80)

Water
) 1.0 m
0.30 m
=)
PART II: FLOW
MEASUREMENTS:ORIFICES, TUBES ,
WEIRS, ETC.
4. What will be the discharge through a 2.5 cm orifice (C = 0.61) in the bottom of a tank moving upward
with an acceleration of 3 m/s2 if water stands 2.50 m over the orifice?

 Solution:  Given :
C=0.61
2.50 m 3
 
= a= 3

Required:

= 0.61 ( )(
PART II: FLOW
MEASUREMENTS:ORIFICES, TUBES ,
WEIRS, ETC.
5. The horizontal orifice in the figure below has a diameter of 10 cm with C c = 0.60, C v = 0.97. When h =
2.50 m., what pressure, applied on the surface, will cause the jet to rise 20 cm higher than the free
surface?
 Solution :  Given:
Cc = 0.60
Cv = 0.97
=( d= 10 cm

Required:
P = 3.63 kPa
PART II: FLOW
MEASUREMENTS:ORIFICES, TUBES ,
WEIRS, ETC.
6. A swimming pool with plan and section shown in figure is filled with water. It has two short tubes both
with diameter 20 cm and C = 0.80 located at the lowest point. Find the time needed to empty the pool
through these tubes.

 Solution: Given:
For rectangular part:
d= 20 cm
C= 0.80
= Required:
T=?
=
=
 Solution:
For triangular part:

=
=

+
PART II: FLOW
MEASUREMENTS:ORIFICES, TUBES ,
WEIRS, ETC.
7. A trapezoidal canal, 6 m at the bottom and having side slopes 2 horizontal : 1 vertical carries water to a
depth of 40 cm and mean velocity of 0.60 m/s. What length of a rectangular contracted weir 85 cm high
should be placed in the middle of the canal if the depth of water upstream is to be 1.20 m?
 Solution:

= 2
1

d = 40 cm

L’= 4.28 m 6m

L= 4.28 + (0.20)(0.35)

L=4.35 m
PART II: FLOW
MEASUREMENTS:ORIFICES, TUBES ,
WEIRS, ETC.
8. What length of Cipolleti weir should be constructed if the measured head will not exceed 50 cm when
the discharge is 3.40 m 3/s?

 
Solution :  Given:
50 cm
H = 50 cm

Required: L
L=?
 PART II: FLOW
MEASUREMENTS:ORIFICES, TUBES ,
WEIRS, ETC.
9. A concrete spillway with permanent crest elevation at 100 m controls a reservoir 4.65 hectares in area.
Determine the length of the spillway if, by removing flashboards, water can be lowered from El. 102 m to
El. 101 m in 30 minutes. Use C = 1.94
 Solution: 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣
  102𝑚
Given:
t= A= 4.65 hectares
C = 1.94 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣
  101𝑚
1800 = t = 30 mins =1800s
0.02507677= Required:  𝐻1  𝐻2
L=?

−1 −1
𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣
  100 𝑚
𝐿=
22
−
1
=7.8 𝑚
2
  𝐿
−1 −1
2 2