Company Profile
Energean Oil & Gas Public Limited Company (PLC) is an oil and gas company.
The company was founded in 1981 and is headquartered in London, the United
Kingdom. The principal activity of the group is the exploration, production, and
commercialization of crude oil and natural gas in Greece, Israel, North Africa
and the wider Eastern Mediterranean. The company offers exploration,
production, vessels transportation, and onshore and offshore drilling services. It
also has exploration potential in the other licenses held in offshore Western
Greece, and Montenegro.
Energean Oil & Gas (LSE: ENOG) is an independent E&P company focused on
developing resources in the Eastern Mediterranean, where it holds 13 licenses
and operates assets with a production track record of more than 37 years.
Karish North Offshore Location
Stena Drilling “Drill Max” at Karish Field
Introduction
The petroleum industry plays a major role in the world supply of energy in the
form of natural gas and crude oil. These hydrocarbon fossil fuels are used for
both domestic and industrial needs. The upstream sector of the petroleum
industry which conducts all exploration and production (E&P) activities
exploit these natural resources and generate significant volumes of wastes in
the process. Environmental regulatory agencies have defined field waste as
waste generated from the production and exploration activities of the
petroleum industry. Several methods have been employed in managing these
wastes depending on environmental regulatory guidelines.
Introduction
Waste management is one of the problems facing the oil and gas industry.
This has often thrown the industry into numerous challenges ranging from
technological development to ensuring a clean and safe environment. Oil and
gas well drilling processes generate large volume of drill cuttings and spent
mud. Onshore and offshore operators have used a variety of methods to
manage these drilling wastes. This paper discusses the basic concepts for
managing waste generated during drilling operations and provides systematic
approach for pro-active waste management practices. It addresses the various
stages in drilling waste management, and emphasizes the phases of waste
identification, minimization, treatment and disposal as integral parts of waste
management process.
Objectives
Introduced the Energean Oil & Gas and provide
information about the company.
Enumerate all the waste generated by Energean
Oil & Gas and identify the following:
Type of waste generated
Volumes of each type of generated waste
Potential Environmental Impact
Objectives
Discuss
the Energean Oil & Gas company waste
management plan including the following:
Minimization
Reuse and Recycle
Disposal
Present the Energy Recovery Program of Energean
Oil & Gas company.
Types of Generated Waste
NON-HAZARDOUS WASTE
HAZARDOUS WASTE
LIQUID WASTE
Non-Hazardous Wastes
Non-hazardous waste must be
packaged in suitable containers and
securely stored prior to transfer to
Kavala Oil Onshore Facilities. The
burning or incineration of non-hazardous
waste is prohibited on platforms. Non-
hazardous wastes which are generated
shall be transferred to Kavala Oil
Onshore Facilities and then to the local
municipality for disposal.
Non-Hazardous Wastes
Paper and cardboard 8,460.80 kg/yr
Biodegradable kitchen & canteen waste 25,404.00 kg/yr
Plastic 2,115.20 kg/yr
Metals 2,115.20 kg/yr
Mixed municipal wastes 4,234.00 kg/yr
Hazardous Waste
In order for a waste to be a hazardous waste, it must also be a solid
waste as defined under federal law. A solid waste may be solid, semi-
solid, liquid, or a contained gas. A nonexempt solid waste is classified as
a hazardous waste if EPA has specifically listed it as such or if it tests
positive for one of four hazardous waste characteristics.
Expected Hazardous Wastes from
Offshore Operations
Hazardous wastes from the current facilities are produced in Delta
platform. These are wastes generated during maintenance, which lasts
15 days every 30 months. These hazardous wastes are produced from
cleaning of collection vessels and consists of oily sludges (mixtures of
heavy hydrocarbons containing mainly asphaltenes), oily rags, absorbents
etc.
Drill Cuttings
Another type of hazardous waste are the drill cuttings. Drill cuttings
will be treated to remove solids from the re-circulating mud stream. Any
solids that are not contaminated with toxic substances will be discharged
to sea. Any cuttings contaminated by hydrocarbons from the geological
formation or due to the oil based mud will be separated at the drilling
unit. These cuttings will be monitored, handled and treated to ensure no
uncontrolled discharge to sea.
Liquid Wastes
The liquid waste produced by the offshore facilities are the following:
Produced water removed from the crude oil on Delta;
Produced water removed from condensate on Lamda and Omicron;
Washing liquids of decks and rain;
Washing liquids of wells, vessels and piping;
Human wastewater.
Produced Water Removed From The
Crude Oil
Wastewater from Delta, following
cleaning, are transported to the skim pile
of the platform and, subsequently, they
end up in the subsea settlement tank
The Skim Pile is the final stage of an
open deck drains and/or produced water
treatment system. Skim Pile (Plated
Caisson with Oil Risers): The oil and water
separation and sand cleaning occurs as
intermittent rain and wash down water
flows through a series of closely spaced
baffle plates.
Produced Water Removed From
Condensate
No wastewater (WW) is generated on the proposed satellite platforms
(Lamda and Omicron). All water produced from the planned new wells is passed
to Prinos Delta where it is separated and treated in existing systems and then
discharged to sea.
The only liquid “waste” stream generated on the new satellites is the result
of rainwater entering the closed drain system via bunded areas with the
potential to contain hydrocarbon substances. To minimise such volumes the size
of bunds has been minimised and shelter to prevent blown rain provided where
possible.
Washing Liquids Of Decks And Rain
Each deck of Delta is equipped with drainage for deck cleaning water
and rainwater, which is transported to the separator at the lower deck
of the platform. The water from the exit of the separator is transported
to the skim pile, while any trapped hydrocarbons (oil) are retained and
separated at the separator, they overflow to the vessel and from there
they are transported, by means of an air pump, to the oil collector.
Human Wastewater
Domestic type wastewater from the complex platforms are
transported and stored in special tanks, which are located, on each
platform. Tanks are periodically emptied in the barge or in the support
vessel’s tank. The content of the tank is transported to the biological
treatment of the land facilities by the barge.
Waste Management System
Energy Recovery
Addressing environmental problems is becoming an important
initiative throughout the world. The reduction of CO2 emissions
footprint is a key element in the path toward lowering the human
contribution to climate change. Many industrial processes generate
waste energy that passes out of plant stacks into the atmosphere and
is lost. Energy recovered from waste heat streams could supply part
or all of the electric power required by a plant, without the need of
additional fuel and without producing additional CO2 emissions.
Therefore, waste heat recovery offers a great opportunity, to
increase overall plant efficiency up to 13% and simultaneously
decrease specific CO2 emissions.
ORegen™
ORegen™ is a thermodynamic superheat cycle that
recovers waste heat from gas turbine exhaust and
converts it into electric energy. The thermodynamic cycle
is the traditional Rankine cycle, using an organic fluid as
working fluid. Heat from the turbine exhaust is
transferred to a closed diathermic oil loop, which acts as
thermal vector and is used to heat an organic fluid loop.
This lower temperature heat is then converted into useful
work that generates power.
ORegen™ Schematic Diagram
Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES)
Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES), also referred to as
Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES), is a long duration, large
scale energy storage technology that can be located at the
point of demand. The working fluid is liquefied air or liquid
nitrogen (~78% of air). LAES systems share performance
characteristics with pumped hydro and can harness
industrial low-grade waste heat/waste cold from co-located
processes. Size extends from around 5MW to 100s+MWs and,
with capacity and energy being de-coupled, the systems are
very well suited to long duration applications.
LAES System Schematic Diagram