A Review on Base Isolator
Presented By:
Praveen Rajbhandari:2019000041
Suman Subedi:2019000440
Jawid Sharifi:2019001192
[Link] in Civil Engineering (Structural Engineering)
)
A Review on Base Isolator 04/16/2020 1
OBJECTIVES
To understand the concept of base isolation in regard of earthquake
engineering
To study and understand about the mechanism and technique of base
isolations
To study about the different researches conducted on base isolators to
get the in-depth knowledge about the topic.
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OVERVIEW
1. Introduction
2. Base Isolation
3. Concept of Base Isolation
4. Isolation Components
5. Isolator Locations
6. Economic Considerations
7. Limitation of Base Isolator
8. Application of Base Isolation System
9. Conclusions
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INTRODUCTION
Earthquake by itself, is not a disaster, it is natural
phenomenon.
It causes vibration of the ground and structures
standing on top. Fig1: Nepal Earthquake, April 2015
Source: [Link]
The ground may develop cracks and settlements.
One of the most widely implemented and accepted
seismic protection systems is base isolation other
than seismic damper.
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Fig2: Nepal Earthquake, April 2015
Source: [Link]
BASE ISOLATION
The term isolation refers to reduced interaction between structure and the ground.
It mitigates the effect of an earthquake by essentially isolating the structure.
When the seismic isolation system is located under the structure, it is referred as
“base isolation”.
Provide an additional means of energy dissipation, thereby reducing the
transmitted acceleration into the superstructure.
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CONCEPT OF BASE ISOLATION
The concept of base isolation is explained through an example building resting
on frictionless rollers.
Fig3: Building on rollers without any friction
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CONTD..
Fig4: Building on flexible pads Fig5: Building resting directly on ground
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BASE ISOLATION
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ISOLATION COMPONENTS
Elastomeric Isolators
Natural Rubber Bearings
Low-Damping Rubber Bearings
Lead-Rubber Bearings
High-Damping Rubber Bearings
Sliding Isolators
Resilient Friction System
Friction Pendulum System
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CONTD..
Elastomeric Isolators
Formed of horizontal layers of natural or
synthetic rubber in thin layers bonded
between steel plates. Fig 6: Elastometric Isolators Source: ResearchGate
The steel plates prevent the rubber layers
from bulging and so the bearing is able
to support higher vertical loads with only
small deformations.
Fig 7: Elastometric
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Isolators
10 Source: ResearchGate
CONTD..
Sliding Isolators
In this type of Isolation system, the sliding
displacements are controlled by high-tension
springs or laminated rubber bearings, or by
making the sliding surface curved.
Fig 8: Sliding Isolators Source: ArchiExpo
These mechanisms provide a restoring force to
return the structure to its equilibrium position.
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Fig 9: Source: ResearchGate
ISOLATOR LOCATIONS
The most common configuration is to install a diaphragm immediately above
the isolators.
If the building has a basement then the options are to install the isolators at
the top, bottom or mid-height of the basements columns and walls.
Source: ResearchGate
Fig 10:Different Locations for
Isolators
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HOW BASE ISOLATOR IS ECONOMIC?
Allows for the reduction in structural elements of the building with less ductile
detail needed.
Require no maintenance during the life of a building.
Devices do not need to replaced after an earthquake unless an event was in
excess of their design specification.
Because the building is protected from major damage, repair costs following an
earthquake will be lower to non-existent.
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LIMITATION OF BASE ISOLATOR
Cannot be applied partially to structures unlike other retrofitting
Challenging to implement in an efficient manner
Allowance for building displacements
Not suitable for building rested on soft soil
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APPLICATION OF BASE ISOLATION SYSTEM
Seen in larger buildings and bridges in India and Abroad.
For retrofitting historical structures and monuments to reduce any possible
destruction.
Used in Turbo Generator Support
Fig 11. Base isolator under building Fig 12: Base Isolators under bridge Fig 13: Base Isolators in turbo
generator support
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BASE ISOLATION SYSTEM IN NEW BHUJ
HOSPITAL
The 300 bed Bhuj Hospital that claimed 176 lives
when it collapsed during the major January 2001
Gujarat Earthquake is studied
This was the first new building in India to be fitted
with earthquake – resistant NZ developed base
isolation technology
Structural engineers Dunning Thornton Consultants
from Wellington were part of the New Zealand
design team and supervised installation of the first
bearings on site in late 2001.
280 lead rubber bearings were installed in the
structure Fig 14: Base Isolators in New Bhuj
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Source: Science Learn -
[Link]
Media/Images/Bhuj-Hospital).
CONCLUSION
Seismic base isolation method has proved to be a reliable method of earthquake
resistant design.
The success of this method is largely attributed to the development of isolation
devices and proper planning.
Adaptable isolation systems are required to be effective during a wide range of
seismic events.
Efforts are required to find the solutions for the situations like near fault regions
where wide variety of earthquake motions may occur
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REFERENCES
Design of Structures with Seismic Isolation, Ronald L Mayes, Ph.D. Consulting
Engineer, Berkeley, California, Farzad Naeim, Ph.D., S.E. Vice President and
Director of Research and Development, John A. Martin and Associates, Inc., Los
Angeles, California
Design of Seismic Isolated Structures: From Theory to Practice.. F. Naeim and
J. M. Kelly Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Base Isolation of Structures, A presentation by Syeda Nushrath Fathima,
Slideshare
ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology
Journal of Engineering Research and Application
A Review on Base Isolator 04/16/2020
A Review on Base Isolator 04/16/2020