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Seismic Wave and Momentum Equations

The document discusses the 1-D wave equation and the momentum equation used in seismic wave modeling. It presents the 1-D wave equation and its boundary and initial conditions for modeling seismic wave propagation. It then derives the momentum equation from considering the total forces acting on a small volume element, including stresses on cube faces and body forces. By equating the total force to the mass times acceleration using Newton's second law, it arrives at the momentum equation relating particle acceleration to stress gradients and body forces.

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navneet verma
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16 views9 pages

Seismic Wave and Momentum Equations

The document discusses the 1-D wave equation and the momentum equation used in seismic wave modeling. It presents the 1-D wave equation and its boundary and initial conditions for modeling seismic wave propagation. It then derives the momentum equation from considering the total forces acting on a small volume element, including stresses on cube faces and body forces. By equating the total force to the mass times acceleration using Newton's second law, it arrives at the momentum equation relating particle acceleration to stress gradients and body forces.

Uploaded by

navneet verma
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

The seismic wave equation

1-D wave equation

 2u  2
u
c 2
,0  x  l
t 2
x 2

u (0, t )  0
B.C. : ,t  0
u (l , t )  0

I.C. : u ( x, 0)  f ( x)
ut ( x, 0)  g ( x)
,0  x  l
The momentum equation

Consider the total force acting on a small volume


element of a cube with density ρ and volume
dv  dxdydz
x1
so net force from the plane normal to across the
volume must be
  11 
  
F ( xˆ1 )    21  dx1 dx 2 dx 3
 x1
 31 
Similarly,

 21 
  
F ( x2 ) 
ˆ
  22  dx1 dx 2 dx 3
x2
 32 

 31 
  
F ( xˆ 3 )    32  dx1 dx 2 dx 3
 x3
 33 
Now, total force from the stress field on all the faces the
cube as,

F  f ( xˆ1 )  f ( xˆ2 )  f ( xˆ3 )

3   ij
Fi  j 1 x j
d x1 d x 2 d x 3

F i   j ij d x 1 d x 2 d x 3 . . . 1
There may also exist a body force on the cube that acts
in proportion to the volume of material, that is-

Fi b ody  f i d x1d x 2 d x 3 ...2

Total force must be

Fi  Fibody ...3

The mass of cube is given by

m   d x1d x 2 d x 3 ...4
Now use Newton's law,
F  ma
from equation 3 and 4 we get,
 2ui
 2   j ij  fi
t

where
 2u i
a 
t2
Reference
Peter M. Shearer. Introduction to Seismology.
New York: Cambridge University Press,2009.
Thank you…

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