OSI Physical Layer

Network Fundamentals – Chapter 8

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 Objectives
 Explain the role of Physical layer protocols and
services in supporting communication across data
networks.
- Describe the role of signals used to represent bits as a frame
as the frame is transported across the local media

 Describe the purpose of Physical layer signaling and

encoding as they are used in networks
 Identify the basic characteristics of copper, fiber and
wireless network media
 Describe common uses of copper, fiber and wireless
network media

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 Physical Layer Protocols & Services
 Describe the purpose of the Physical layer in the
network and identify the basic elements that enable this
layer to fulfill its function

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 Physical Layer Protocols & Services
 Describe the role of bits in representing a frame as it is
transported across the local media.

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 Physical Layer Protocols & Services
 Describe the role of signaling in the physical media.

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 Physical Layer Protocols & Services
 Distinguish who establishes and maintains standards
for the Physical layers compared to those for the other
layers of the network

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 Physical Layer Protocols & Services
 Identify hardware components associated with the
Physical layer that are governed by standards

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 Physical Layer Signaling and Encoding
 Explain that network communication at this layer
consists of individual bits encoded onto the Physical
layer and describe the basic encoding techniques.

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 Physical Layer Signaling and Encoding
 Describe the role of encoding as it applies to the
transmission of bits and explain the value of treating a
collection of bits as a code.

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 Physical Layer Signaling and Encoding
 Define the terms bandwidth, throughput, and goodput

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 Different physical media support the transfer of bits at different
speeds. Data transfer can be measured in three ways:
 Bandwidth
 Throughput: Throughput is the measure of the transfer of bits
across the media over a given period of time.
 Goodput: Application level throughput. Goodput is the measure of
usable data transferred over a given period of time, and is
therefore the measure that is of most interest to network users.

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 Characteristics & Uses of Network Media
 Identify several media characteristics defined by
Physical layer standards.

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 Characteristics & Uses of Network Media
 Describe the impact interference has on throughput and
the role of proper cabling in reducing interference

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 Characteristics & Uses of Network Media
 Identify the basic characteristics of UTP cable

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 Characteristics & Uses of Network Media
 Identify the basic characteristics of STP and Coaxial
cable

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 The following are main cable types that are obtained by using specific
wiring conventions:
Ethernet Straight-through
Ethernet Crossover
Rollover

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 Fiber Optic

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 Characteristics & Uses of Network Media
 Identify several primary characteristics of fiber cabling
and its main advantages over other media

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 Characteristics & Uses of Network Media
 Identify types of safety issues when working with
copper cabling

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 Wireless

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 Characteristics & Uses of Network Media
 Describe the role of radio waves when using air as the
media and the increased need for security in wireless
communications

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 Characteristics & Uses of Network Media
 Identify the characteristics used to categorize
connectors, describe some common uses for the same
connectors, and identify the consequences for
misapplying a connector in a given situation

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 Summary

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