LITERATURE REVIEW

LANDSCAPE DESIGN

PRESENTED BY:
AMIT JAISWAL
DEEPTI SHIWAKOTI
NABIN MAHARJAN
RONIZ PRAJAPATI
SUJATA YADAV
Landscape design is the art of arranging or
modifying the features of a yard, an urban
area, etc., for aesthetic or practical reasons.
Activity that modifies the visible features of an
area of land.
IMPORTANCE:

 PREVENT EROSION ON YOUR PROPERTY

 BREAKUP LARGE SPACES INTO INVITING NOOKS

 REDUCE AIR POLLUTANTS

 PROPAGATE LOCAL ECOSYSTEM

 SUPPORTS HEALTH SYSTEM

 PROVIDES AESTHETIC ENJOYMENT

 POINTS TO CONSIDER BEFORE DESIGNING:

 THINK ABOUT WHO WILL BE USING THE SPACE.

  CHOOSE PLANTS THAT WILL THRIVE IN YOUR CLIMATE

 STRUCTURE YOUR PLANTINGS

Color
Form
Line of sight
Scale or balance
Texture
 RESORT DESIGN WITH LANDSCAPE:

Unique art form that combines beautiful public

spaces with the feeling of luxurious private
escapes whether there is couple seeking or
business travelers in need of relaxing
inspiration.
 HARDSCAPING &SOFTSCAPING
• Hardscape and softscape are both elements in
landscaping.

• Hardscape refers to the heavier elements in

landscape design, such as stones, rocks, patios
and driveways.

• Softscape refers to everything else, such as soil,

plants, flower and color schemes.
Examples of hardscape features include:
• Walkways
• Driveways
• Patios
• Swimming pools
• Fountains
• Stone benches
• Arbors
• Gates
• Heavy materials like stone, flagstone and rock
Examples of softscape features include:
• Grass
• Trees
• Shrubs
• Flowers
• Soil
• Vegetable gardens
COLOR PSYCHOLOGY
 Color theory is dividing into 4 categories:
• Primary: reds, yellows and blues.
• Secondary: greens, violets (purples) and
oranges.
• Tertiary: Mixtures of the primary and
secondary categories.
• Neutral: White, grays and silvers
Proper use of color theory can
influence the mood felt in a
yard.
Warm colors tend excite the
viewers.
Cool colors are more likely to
relax the viewer.
TINT AND TONE
GATEWAYS,BOUNDARY WALL(exterior & interior)
 GATEWAYS,BOUNDARY WALL(exterior & interior)

• Shelters the garden from strong and cold

winds

• Presents a marvelous opportunity for growing

a range of slightly tender climbers as well as
hardy ones.
 PATHWAYS:
Pathways can define the different areas of your landscape while
also connecting and unifying them.
• Paths in the landscape should do more than just
be a way of getting from here to there.

• In the landscaped garden the path is really part of

the journey.

• Well-designed paths attract the eye with a sense

of movement, drawing visitors with a beckoning
call that tempt us to venture further.
• Shredded bark and pine needles create a soft
informal path.

• Brick makes for a more formal pathway.

• Stone offers a plethora of different options,

from crushed gravel, to large flag stones
woven together.
Classic Brick
 Classic Brick
• A brick walkway adds timeless appeal to a
landscape. This path disappears around a
curve, creating a bit of mystery and adding
sense of destination to the garden.
Colorful Concrete
 Colorful Concrete

• Frequently used paths should be made of a

strong material that can stand up to heavy
foot traffic. In this unique garden designed by
Pamela Berstler, curved concrete pathways
provide a durable and attractive trail to a quiet
seating area.
Casual Garden Path
 Casual Garden Path

• Paths that receive light traffic can be made of

less heavy-duty materials, such as an informal
series of field stones.
Winding Walkway
 Winding Walkway

• A herringbone pathway leads to multiple

destinations in this landscape, including a
dining area, a garden table and lush plantings.
The wide paths can accommodate two people
walking side by side.
Tranquil Path
 Tranquil Path

• In this contemporary outdoor space, designer

Chad Robert created a serene yet visually
stimulating pathway by pairing the strong lines
of the pavers with soft vegetation and small,
round stones.
Stacked Stone Steps
 Stacked Stone Steps

• A beautiful path of stacked stone steps leads

into this garden, inviting guests to enjoy the
many plant combinations along the way.
Dynamic Pavers
 Dynamic Pavers

• In this yard, designer laid the pavers end-to-

end in a running pattern, which creates
movement, draws the eye through the space
and helps connect all of the elements of the
landscape.
Natural Flagstone
 Natural Flagstone

• A flagstone walkway through a Mediterranean

garden highlights tidy plants and provides a
pleasant passage across the property.
PERFORATED GRASS BRICKS
PAVILLIONS
 PAVILLIONS

• Refers to a subsidiary building that is either

positioned separately or as an attachment to a
main building. Often its function makes it an
object of pleasure.
 LIGHTING

• Outdoor lighting is used to illuminate

walkways and entry areas

• High intensity light required for highways and

other heavily used areas

• Warm and coloured illumination suited for

quiet areas
• PATH LIGHTING
• ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING
• STEP LIGHTING
• UPLIGHTING
• SOLAR LIGHTS
• UNDER WATER LIGHTING
PATH LIGHTING
STREET LIGHTING
STREET LIGHTING
FLOOD LIGHTING
STRIP LIGHTING
UNDER WATER LIGHTING
DECK LIGHTING
STONE LANTERNS
 Parking

Use of greenery in Parking

Area
Parking
SEATING :
PLAY AREA:
STEPS
 DIFFERENTLY ABLE FRIENDLY:
If there is at least one handrail on the ramp, you can pull yourself up
WATER BODIES
WASH AREAS
TREES,FLOWERING AND NON
FLOWERING PLANTS
 LANDSCAPING

TYPES OF PLANTS FOR

LANDSCAPING DESIGN
EXAMPLES OF PLANTS
AND TREES
 TYPES OF PLANTS FOR LANDSCAPING DESIGN

• Ornamental
• Screens
• Shade
• Borders
• Ground Cover
 Ornamental

 Trees can serve as living ornaments,

drawing the viewers eye and
balancing out the landscapes design.
 Trees with uniform growth patterns,
such as Bradford pear, plum and
crabapple, add a decorative element
to the landscape.
 Other plants with interesting shapes
or textures, such as yucca, acacia or
large-bloom flowers, like
rhododendron, hibiscus and lilac,
make a showy statement in the
landscape.
 Screens
 Fast-growing evergreens, willow
hybrids and privet shrubs offer a natural
screen in the landscape, affording
privacy while adding interest and
beauty to the yard.
 In addition to trees and shrubs, vining
plants, such as clematis and climbing
rose, provide perennial cover for a
fence.
 Annual vines, such as morning glory,
cardinal vine, moonflower and Spanish
flag, provide bursts of color on a trellis
or an arbor.
 Shade
 Large trees with dense leaf
growth, such as maple,
ash, oak and elm, provide
welcome relief from the
hot summer sun when
positioned between the
roof of the home and the
angle of the sun at midday
and afternoon.
 Borders
 Outlining a driveway or a sidewalk or enhancing the
edge of a flower garden is ideal for border planting.
 Shrubs or flowering plants of a similar height and
shape form attractive borders and offer a visual
separation between elements in the landscape.
 Both annual and perennial plants make attractive
borders when chosen for their mature height and
width, their texture or color, and their growth
pattern.
 Tall plants, including butter pat, fountain grass and
snow bank, look the best at the rear of the border,
creating a backdrop for shorter plants such as
variegated lily and marigold.
 Ground Cover
 While grass may be the most
common ground cover, you can
reduce soil erosion, create a
blanket of texture or add color
beneath trees or in bordered areas.
 Low-growing plants that spread,
such as vinca, creeping phlox, ivy,
creeping juniper and a juga, create
a living plant carpet.
 For permanent ground cover in the
landscape, choose hardy plants
that will continue to grow each
year.
 Types of Plants

There are about 350,000 plus plant species, their

classification gets a little difficult. However, most of
the mare categorized in the following three types.
• Mosses
• Grasses
• Dicots and Monocots
 Mosses
• Mosses are very tiny plants with
equally tiny leaves and no flower-
bearing capacity.
• They do not have true roots like other
plants, but very thin hair like
structures known as a filament that
holds them down.
• They have no seeds, but spores
which they use to multiply.
 Grasses
• Grass can be identified by
their distinct leaves; narrow,
slender and usually long.
• They may or may not bear
flowers that are made up of
three or six parts which are
either ways inconspicuous.
• The roots are in clump form.
 Dicots and Monocots
• This type is a banner for all
types of Trees, Plants, Shrubs,
Bushes, Creepers, Weeds, etc.
• Most of have them flowers
that are showy, with four to
five petals, a tap root, and
leaves that vary in size and
color.
• Name - Dypsis Lutescens
• Family – Palmae
• Botanical - Chrysalidocarpus Lutescens
Green (Leaves)
• Color - Slender Gold (Stems)
• Height - 20-30 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 9b – 11
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing - Very Slow
• Blooming Time - Late Spring/Early
Summer
• Maintenance - Very Low
• Name – Furcraea
• Family – Agavaceae
• Botanical - Furcraea Gigantia
Medio Picta
• Color - Greenish White
• Height - 120-150 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 9a-11
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing – Slow
• Blooming Time - Late
Spring/Early Summer
• Maintenance - Low
• Name - Japanese Sago
• Family – Cycadaceae
• Botanical - Cycas Revoluta
• Color - Dark Green
• Height - 30-50 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 8a – 10
• Water Need - Average
(Regular)
• Growing - Very Slow
• Blooming Time - Late
SpringMaintenance - Easy
• Name - Basket Of Gold
• Family – Brassicaceae
• Botanical - Aurinia Saxatilis
• Color - Grey Green (Leaves) Yellow (Flowers)
• Height - 20-30 Cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 3-9
• Water Need – Low
• Growing – Medium
• Blooming Time - Early Summer, Mid Spring,
Late Spring
• Maintenance - Easy
• Name - Common Tansy
• Family – Asteraceae
• Botanical - Tanacetum Vulgare
• Color - Yellow (Flowers) Reddish
– Purple Color(Stems)
• Height - 105-160 Cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 4 To 8
• Water Need – Average Or Dry
• Growing – Fast
• Blooming Time - July-August
• Maintenance - High
• Name - False Indigo
• Family – Pea
• Botanical - Baptisia Spp
• Color - Cream, White, Yellow,
Lavender, Purple, Blue (Flowers) Blue
Green, Medium Green (Leaves)
• Height - 60-120 Cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 3-9
• Water Need - Average, Low
• Growing – Medium
• Blooming Time - Late Spring - Early
Summer
• Maintenance - Low
• Name - Spanish Iris
• Family – Iridaceae
• Botanical - Dietes Bicolour
• Color - Light Yellow (Flowers)
Light Green (Leaves) Brownish
Spots (Stems)
• Height - 15-20 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 7-10
• Water Need – Low
• Growing – Fast
• Blooming Time - May-June
• Maintenance - Low
• Name – Peony
• Family – Paeoniaceae
• Botanical - Paeonia Suffruticosa
• Color - Pink, Purple, Lavender, Red,
White (Flowers) Dark Green (Leaves)
• Height - 180-300 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 4-9
• Water Need - Dry-Medium
• Growing – Slow
• Blooming Time - Late Spring, Early
Summer
• Maintenance - Medium
• Name – Rose
• Family – Rosaceae
• Botanical – Rosa
• Color - Red, White, Pink, Orange,
Coral, Yellow, Lavender (Flowers),
Greenish Brown (Stems)
• Height - 120-180 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 2-7
• Water Need – Occasionally
• Growing – Fast
• Blooming Time - Spring, Summer
• Maintenance - Medium
• Name - Butter Cup
• Family – Ranunculaceae
• Botanical - Ranunculus Bulbosus
• Color - Pink, Red, Orange, Magenta,
Yellow, White, Fuchsia, Coral (Flowers),
Blue-Green (Leaves)
• Height - 30-45 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 3-9
• Water Need – Average
• Growing – Low
• Blooming Time - Late Spring/Early
Summer
• Maintenance - Low
 CREEPER
A plant, generally with
elongated, flexible stem,
which typically spreads
(“creeps”)horizontally along
the ground. Creepers often
provide an excellent ground
cover for landscaping
purposes, but some may be
somewhat invasive in
natural settings (they cove
rand smother other
vegetation) unless
controlled.
• Name – Rangoon
• Family – Combretaceae
• Botanical - Quisqualis Indica
• Color - Pink Red (Flowers), Herbaceous
(Stem), Shiny/Glossy-Textured (Leaves)
• Height - 300-1200 (or more) cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 9-11
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing – Fast
• Blooming Time - Late Spring/Early
Summer, Mid Fall
• Maintenance - Easy
• Name - Butterfly-Pea
• Family – Fabaceae
• Botanical - Clitoria Ternatea
• Color - Purple (Flowers),Green
(Stem/Leaves)
• Height - 300-450 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 8a-9b
• Water Need - Average/Low
• Growing – Fast
• Blooming Time - Spring, Summer
• Maintenance - Medium
• Name – Canary
• Family – Asteraceae
• Botanical - Senecio Tamoides
• Color - Yellow Daisy (Flowers),
Bluish-Green (Leaves), Green (Stem)
• Height - 240-360 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 9-10
• Water Need – Average
• Growing – Fast
• Blooming Time - March To July
• Maintenance - Easy
• Name - Variegated Creeping
• Family – Moraceae
• Botanical - Ficus Pumila Variegata’
• Color - White-Margined (Leaves)
• Height - 90-1500 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 8-11
• Water Need – Average
• Growing – Fast
• Blooming Time - Spring, Summer,
Fall, Winter (Indeterminate)
• Maintenance - Medium
• Name - Flame Vine
• Family – Bignoniaceae
• Botanical - Pyrostegia Venusta
• Color - Bright Orange, Red, Yellow
(Flowers), Green (Leaves)
• Height - 600-900 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 10-11
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing – Fast
• Blooming Time - Autumn, Winter
• Maintenance - Low
• Name - Golden Pothos
• Family – Araceae
• Botanical - Epipremnum Aureum
• Color - White (Flowers), Mid-
Green, Yellow (Leaves)
• Height - 15-30 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 10-11
• Water Need – Average
• Growing – Fast
• Blooming Time - Mid Summer
• Maintenance - Low
• Name - Bengal Clock Vine
• Family – Acanthaceae
• Botanical - Thunbergia Grandiflora
• Color - Lavender, Light Blue, White,
Violet, (Flowers), Blue Green
(Leaves), Green Or Reddish (Stems)
• Height - 360-450 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 9-10
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing – Fast
• Blooming Time - June, July, August
• Maintenance - Low
• Name – Foamflower
• Family – Saxifragaceae
• Botanical - Tiarella ‘Jeeper Creeper’
• Color - White/Whitish (Flowers),Purple-
Black Marking On Cut Green Or Many
(Leaves)
• Height - 180-360 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 3-9
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing – Medium
• Blooming Time - Early Spring, Mid
Spring, Late Spring
• Maintenance - Low
• Name - Coral Vine Mexican
• Family – Polygonaceae
• Botanical - Antigonon Leptopus
• Color - White-Rose-Pink, Deep Coral
(Flowers), Dark Green (Leaves)
• Height - 900-1200 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 8-10
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing – Fast
• Blooming Time - June – October
• Maintenance - Low
• Name - Wax Flower
• Family – Asclepiadaceae
• Botanical - Hoya Carnosa
• Color - Creamy White-Pink (Flowers),
Yellow, Green, Pink (Leaves)
• Height - 90-300 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 10-15
• Water Need – Average
• Growing – Slow
• Blooming Time - Early Spring, Spring,
Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer,
Late Summer, Early Fall, Fall, Late Fall
• Maintenance - Average
 TREE

• A tree is a perennial woody plant.

• It most often has many secondary
branches supported clear of the
ground on a single main stem or
trunk with clear apical dominance.
• It is taller than a shrub, rising
from the ground with a relatively
strong and generally distinct
trunk.
• Trees are an important component
of the natural landscape because
of their prevention of erosion and
the provision of a weather-
sheltered ecosystem in and under
their foliage.
• Name - Chinese Fan Palm
• Family – Arecaceae
• Botanical - Livistona Chinensis
• Color - Bright Green (Leaves)
• Height - 30-400 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 9b-11
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing – Slow
• Blooming Time - Early Summer,
Mid Summer, Late Summer
• Maintenance - Low, Easy
• Name - Cliff Date Palm
• Family – Arecaceae
• Botanical - Phoenix Rupicola
• Color – Green (Leaves)
• Height - 450-900 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 9b-10
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing – Slow
• Blooming Time - Early Spring, Early
Winter, Late Spring, Late Winter, Mid
Spring, Mid Winter
• Maintenance - Low
• Name – Furcraea
• Family – Agavaceae
• Botanical - Furcraea Foetida
Mediopicta
• Color - Greenish White
(Flowers),Bright Green (Leaves)
• Height - 700-1100 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 9b-11
• Water Need – Low
• Growing – Slow
• Blooming Time - August, September,
October, December
• Maintenance - Low
• Name - Norfolk Island Pine
• Family – Araucariaceae
• Botanical - Araucaria
Heterophylla
• Color - Dark Green (Leaves)
• Height - 5000-6500 Cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 10-11
• Water Need – Low
• Growing – Fast
• Blooming Time –
• Maintenance - Medium
• Name - Asoka Tree
• Family – Annonaceae
• Botanical - Polyalthia Longifolia Var.
Pendula
• Color - Green -White (Flowers),
Green/Yellowish Green (Leaves)
• Height - 800-1200 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 10-12
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing – Average
• Blooming Time - Early Spring To
Late Spring
• Maintenance - Average
• Name - Pala Tree
• Family – Apocynaceae
• Botanical - Alstonia Scholaris
• Color - Green -White (Flowers),
Green (Leaves)
• Height - 800-1200 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 10-13
• Water Need – Average
• Growing – Average
• Blooming Time - Early Winter-
Late Winter
• Maintenance - Average
• Name - Rain Tree
• Family – Mimosaceae
• Botanical - Samanea Saman
• Color - PalePink,Pink,White/Near
White (Flowers), Apple Green
(Leaves)
• Height - 2000-2500 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 10-12
• Water Need – Average
• Growing – Medium
• Blooming Time - Late Spring/Early
Summer, Mid Summer
• Maintenance - Average
• Name - Royal Poinciana
• Family – Caesalpiniaceae
• Botanical - Delonix Regia
• Color - Red, Vermillion, Orange,
Yellow (Flowers), Bright Green
(Leaves)
• Height - 900-1200 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 9-11
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing - Very Fast
• Blooming Time –
• Maintenance - Low
• Name – Jacaranda
• Family – Bignoniaceae
• Botanical - Jacaranda Mimosifolia
• Color - Soft Blue, Mauve-Blue,
Purple (Flowers) Lacy Green
(Leaves)
• Height - 900-1350 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 9-11
• Water Need – Average
• Growing – Medium
• Blooming Time –
• Maintenance - Low
• Name – Frangipani
• Family – Apocynaceae
• Botanical - Plumeria Obtusa
• Color - White, Pink,
Purple[Red+Yellow] (Flowers), Dark
Green (Leaves)
• Height - 500-600 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 9-11
• Water Need – Average
• Growing – Fast
• Blooming Time - March To October
• Maintenance - Average
 SHRUB

• A perennial plant, lower than a tree,

usually with many persistent woody
stems branching from or near the
base.
• The term is approximate, and no clear-
cut distinction between tall shrubs
and low trees exists.
• Indeed, many tree species may grow
as low shrubs if stunted(e.g. in shallow
soil, and in exposed areas, carob trees
may develop a very prostrate
habit)and vice-versa (e.g. the Maltese
salt tree Darniella melitens is and the
rosemary Rosmarinusofficinalis may
occasionally reach large sizes.
• Name – Bougainvillea
• Family – Nyctaginaceae
• Botanical - Bougainvillea Brasiliensis
Bush
• Color - Purple; Red; Lavender; Yellow
(Flowers), Variegated (Leaves), Brown
(Stem)
• Height - Upto-900 Cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zone 9b-11
• Water Need – Low
• Growing – Fast
• Blooming Time –
• Maintenance - Easy
• Name - Jungle Flame
• Family – Rubiaceae
• Botanical - Ixora Coccinea
• Color - Red, White, Pink, Yellow
(Flowers), Green (Leaves), Dark
Red (Stems)
• Height - 90-240 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zones 9-11
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing - Slow- Medium
• Blooming Time - May –
September
• Maintenance - Average
• Name - Arabian Jasmine
• Family – Oleaceae
• Botanical - Jasminum Sambac
• Color - White, Pink, (Flowers),
Dark Green (Leaves)
• Height - 90-180 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zones 9-11
• Water Need – Average
• Growing – Medium
• Blooming Time - Early
Summer To Late Fall
• Maintenance - Very Low
• Name – Mussaenda
• Family – Rubiaceae
• Botanical - Mussaenda
Erythrophylla
• Color - Oranges, Pinks, Whites,
Yellows (Flowers), Green (Leaves)
• Height - 120-150 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zones 10-11
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing – Average
• Blooming Time - Late Spring To
Mid Summer
• Maintenance - Medium
• Name - Bigleaf Hydrangea
• Family – Hydrangeaceae
• Botanical - Hydrangea
Macrophylla
• Color - Blue, Pink, White
(Flowers), Green (Leaves)
• Height - 60-180 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zones 6-9
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing - Very Fast
• Blooming Time - July To August
• Maintenance - Medium
• Name - Oriental Arborvitae
• Family – Cupressaceae
• Botanical - Platycladus
Orientalis Aurea Nana
• Color - Evergreen (Leaves)
• Height - 60-150 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zones 6-9
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing – Slow
• Blooming Time –
• Maintenance - Medium
• Name - Alpine Currant
• Family – Grossulariaceae
• Botanical - Ribes Alpinum
• Color - Greenish-Yellow
(Leaves)
• Height - 90-180 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zones 2-7
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing – Medium
• Blooming Time – April
• Maintenance - Low
• Name - Yellow Oleander
• Family – Apocynaceae
• Botanical - Thevetia
Peruviana
• Color - Evergreen (Leaves)
• Height - 120-240 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zones 8-10
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing – Fast
• Blooming Time - Mid
Summer To Early Fall
• Maintenance - Low
• Name - Wintergem Boxwood
• Family – Buxaceae
• Botanical - Buxus Microphylla
Japonica Winter Gem
• Color - Yellow Green (Leaves)
• Height - 120-180 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zones 5-9
• Water Need – Medium
• Growing – Medium
• Blooming Time – Spring
• Maintenance - Easy
• Name - Weigela - Spilled Wine
• Family – Caprifoliaceae
• Botanical - Weigela Florida
Bokraspiwi (Spilled Wine™)
Ppaf
• Color - Pink, Hot Pink, Rose
(Flowers), Red-Purple
[Burgundy] (Leaves)
• Height - 45-60 cm
• Hardiness - Usda Zones 5-8
• Water Need – Average
• Growing - Fast
• Blooming Time - Spring,
Summer
• Maintenance - Very Low
CASE STUDY

VALLEY HOMES
DIFFERENT LANDSCAPING ELEMENTS :
Water bodies
• Water body infront of
the entrance for
aesthetic looks
• Surrounded with
greenary
• Use of stones
 Fountain

• Fountain placed near

the entrance
• Stone pavements
around the fountain
 Plantation
• Green plants in the
surrounding
• Works as the barrier to
reduce noise pollution
• Hedges on the sides
of the road.
• Plants like kapur , dhupi
can be seen
 Pergolas
• Pergolas can be seen
near the fountain
• Construction of the
pillars( Doric
column)
 Pavements

• Black top road in the

mains
• Stone pavements in the
footpath
 Lighting

• Street lamps for the

security
• Small lamps as for the
decoration and
aesthetic purposes
 Sculpture
• Greek sculpture as
pergola design
• caryatids
 Parks
• timber bench for sitting
• Green grasses as the
soft landscape
• Trees right in front of
boundary wall
CASE STUDY

ZEN GARDEN
 Introduction
• Also known as Japanese rock
garden
• Creation that reflect the
simplicity of life
• The water impression was
achieved through wave-like
patterns in the gravel, and the
rocks and stones were
representatives of mountains
and hills
• Ideal for reflecting in, relaxing
in, meditating in
Elements of zen garden

•Rocks and stone

•Stepping stone pathways

•Koi fish ponds

•Stone bridge
•Raked sand and pebbles

•Zen garden gates

•Stone lantern
•Arched Chinese Red Bridges

•Stone Water Basins

•Moss Gardens
Types of plants
Commonly found
• Azalea

• Bamboo

• Camellia
• cherry

•Hosta

•Hydrangea
RyoanJi-Dry garden

•The garden is a rectangle of 248

square meters (2,670 square feet)

•The only vegetation in the garden is

some moss around the stones.

•Consist of 15 rocks but can be only

seen 14
•Related with buddhist religion
Plan

3d view
Kinkaku-ji garden
•The gorgeous Golden pavilion symbols
the Land of Happiness

•The kinkaku-ji garden were built to

illustrate a harmony between heaven and
earth

•pond reflects the Golden Pavilion like a

mirror, and makes the gorgeous Golden
Pavilion shine even more

• rustic thatch-roofed building stands in

great contrast to the shiny Golden
Pavilion.
•zen typology is seen through the rock
composition, the bridges, and plants
are arranged in a specific way to
represent famous places in Chinese
and Japanese literature

•Vantage points and focal points were

established because of the strategic
placement of the pavilion to view the
gardens surrounding the pavilion
 Planning of zen garden
• Other Examples
CASE STUDY

COLLEGE GARDEN
 ORIENTAL CHINIYA
SALLA
ARBORVITAE GULAB
CABBAGE CACTUS PHILODENDRON
BAGAN BELI KANAT FLOWER DHURANDA
BAGAN BELI SULESIYA RANI PIPAL
 WHITE
HAGE ROSE
TEMPLE WALL MONKEY
DUVI PIPAL PAJAL
 ASARE BAGAN
FLOWER BELI HAGE
 SIRIS ASARE JAI
FLOWER FLOWER FLOWER
VEGUTE FLOWER HALOCUS
CYCAS + RED DUBO COOKY PINE KALKI
HIBICUS FLOWER HAGE WHITE HIBICUS
FLOWER
BONANGA LALU PATE
SILVER UKA CHAP CHAMPA
 SILK TREE
INDRA KAMAL (SIRIS)
PAARIJAAT
HIBISCUS VYAGUTE
CYCAS PHONEX
PALM
RUBBER PLANT KAPUR PLANT
ARCTOTIS
SILVER IKA
RANI PIPAL

KITTUMERIYA
TYPES OF PLANTS FOUND IN KATHMANDU
VALLEY
SITE ANALYSIS
 GENERAL INFORMATION
• PHYSICAL FACTORS
• LOCATION : Itabu, Sipadol,
Suryabinayak Municipality
• AREA: 6527.36 sq. m (12-13-1-0.61)
• ROAD ACCESS :16’ wide road on N and
E direction
• ALTITUDE : 1200 m
• Natural Factors
• Topography : sloppy land
• Soil : Black and yellowish suitable for different
vegetation and crop
• Hydrography : Present of Champa River and
water table is high
• Vegetation : Maize, Rice, Vegetables, Mustard,
various plants
• Climatic Factors
• solar angle : summer 82 degree
winter 17 degree
• wind direction : sww
• temperature :
• day time : min 17 degrees celcius
max 29 degrees celcius
• night time: min 2 degrees celcius
• rainfall : min 7mm ( november )
max 325mm ( july )
• Socio-Cultural Factors :
• Newari culture and Community
• Currently living ( Magar , Gurung, Lama etc)

• Aesthetic Factors;
• sensory view : Suryabinayak hills(south)
Mountain and Nyatapola and Newari
settlement of Bhaktapur views (north)
Sanga mahadev ( east)
Residental buildings ( west)
• INFRASTRUCTURE :
• Water supply : boring , well , water supply by
government
• Electricity : NEA
• Transportation : private access
• Health facilities : Siddhi Smriti Hospital (around 1km)
• SWOT Analysis :
• STRENGTH :
• Topography
• Water supply
• Drainage system

• WEAKNESS:
• Agricultural Land Ruin
• OPPORTUNITY:
• Residential
• Newly Developed Settlement
• THREAT:
• 16 ft wide road
• gravel road
• main road : one way only
• no police station near the site
• brick factory: pollution
THANK YOU
 Reference
• [Link]
ens/
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
mages/
• [Link]
• [Link]
[Link]
• [Link]
dW5OFOMbb9QPt3KWIAQ&q=+what+are+the+types+pathways+in+lands
cape&oq=+what+are+the+types+pathways+in+landscape