SHELL STRUCTURES
HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID STRUCTURES
Forces acting on Hyperbolic Paraboloid Shell Roofs
Formwork for Hyperbolic Paraboloid Shell Roofs
FOLDED PLATE STRUCTURES
Folded plates are assemblies of flat plates rigidly connected together along
their edges in such a way that the structural system capable of carrying loads
without the need for additional supporting beams along mutual edges.
Folded structure systems which are analogous to several biological systems such
as found at broadleaf-tree leaves, petals and foldable insect wings, are adopted
to be employed in a new, technical way.
Spot or facet folding:
Spot or facet folding requires that several folds intersect like a bunch in one single spot.
This results in pyramidal folds with crystalline or facet-like planes. Facet folding can either
be based on a triangular shape or on a quadrangular shape. A single or double-layered
facet folding resembles the load bearing structure of a plate and can be compared to
space frameworks.
IBM Travelling Pavillion/ roof for
industrial use, Italian Architect: Renzo
Piano.
The Kaiser Hawaiian geodesic dome, Architect: Buckminster Fuller
EXAMPLES
FOLDED PLATE HUT-JAPAN
AIR FORCE ACADEMY CHAPEL
ELEMENTS OF VAULTS
TYPES OF VAULTS…
GEODESIC DOMES
A geodesic dome is a thin shelled arrangement made out of triangles
connected together to form a true sphere.
GEODESIC DOME
ICOSAHEDRON
R. Buckminster Fuller is probably best known as the inventor of the geodesic dome.
A geodesic structure is a spherical structure which is constructed out of
interconnecting lines rather than out of curved surfaces. For example, you can look at
the picture of the geodesic playdome (sometimes called a jungle gym). The playdome
itself resembles a half-sphere, but it is constructed out of straight lines. Therefore, a
geodesic structure uses a series of short, interconnected straight lines to approximate a
spherical or rounded surface.
Another good example of a geodesic structure might be a soccer ball, which is
spherical in shape but which is composed of geometric panels (hexagons and
pentagons). You can think of the edges of the hexagons and pentagons as straight lines
which are interconnected to form the soccer-ball sphere.
ARCHITECTURAL EXAMPLES
Montreal Biosphere
SPACE
FRAMES
ADVANTAGES :
• Lightweight
• mass productivity
• Stiffness
• Versatility.
TYPES OF
SPACE FRAMES..
Tensile Fabric materials
• PVC Coated Polyester: PVC coated polyester can be a great material choice for both
permanent and temporary tensile fabric structures. PVC coated polyester is known for its
excellent strength, flexibility, translucency.
• PTFE(Poly Tetra Fluro Ethlene)Coated Glass Cloth: It is considered to be the highest
quality material for creating tensile fabric membranes.
• PTFE coated fiberglass: It is the most durable membrane used in tensile membrane
systems. Comprised of a woven glass fiber base fabric covered with Teflon.
•Cotton(For internal use): They are most economical and are available in a wide range
of colours. Due to their susceptibility to staining and shrinkage they are ideally suited for
short term use or where a softer and more natural texture is required.
PNEUMATIC
STRUCTURES
Membrane Structures that are stabilized by pressure of compressed air.
HISTORY:
TYPES:
Air Supported Structures: They have air higher than the atmospheric
pressure supporting the envelope.
Air Inflated Structures: Supporting frames consist of air under high
pressure. Internal pressure of building remains at atmospheric pressure.
LOADING…
COMPONENTS….
SYSTEM COMPONENTS:
Pneumatic structures are secured to ground using heavy weights, ground
anchors or attached to a foundation.
CLASSIFICATION OF PNEUMATIC STRUCTURES
MATERIALS…
USES