Marilen C.

Lopena
Week 2 - 3
1. identify a scientific problem or question
STEM_RP12-IIa-e-1
2. differentiate applied and basic research
problems STEM_RP12-IIa-e-2
 How do you feel about research?

 What are your memorable experiences in your

previous research?

 Why do we do research?
 There are five (5) –ates that highlight student
– centered approach, students:
◦ Investigate
◦ Contemplate
◦ Create
◦ Communicate
◦ Collaborate
 Investigate different sources or methods then
evaluate its relevance in doing research
 Contemplate on what are the personal and
social benefits of research
 Create their own definition so that they don’t
rely exclusively on what the book prescribed.
 Communicate about the methods they use or
the insights they are uncovering through
report
 Collaborate with each other – voicing their
opinions in small groups
 Critical Thinking is defined as a
healthy skepticism that is able to
reason analytically.
 Organization is the ability to think and
write in a way that is focused,
cohesive and coherent.
◦ Focused – central theme
◦ Cohesive – connection of argument
◦ Coherent – logical flow
 Self – discipline and Perseverance
◦ Self – discipline is about delaying gratification to
gain something of greater value
◦ Perseverance is about not giving up despite
difficulties and challenges.
 Teamwork is defined as the willingness to
work on a common aim.
 Experimental Research setting. This is
done by targeting a specific
phenomenon and controlling other
variables that may affect it.

 Naturalistic Research setting. Some

social and natural sciences are more
focused on obtaining the knowledge
from the context rather than from
experiments.
 Conceptual Research. This type of research
often forms the base knowledge that needs to
be tested; often termed as theoretical
research.

 Empirical Research. This type of research test

the claims of conceptual research and relies
on direct observations, experiences, and
evidence to test hypotheses. This research
also shows the factor that could confirm or
deny the concepts or theories.
 Pure Research is motivated by a possible increase
in the knowledge of a phenomenon or an
intellectual challenge that may not have a
practical application when originally studied.

 Applied Research is motivated by its practicality

and usefulness, especially as this type of
research contributes not only to the knowledge
base but also to the improvement of the lives of
people, organizations, or ecosystems.
 Qualitative Quantitative Humanities
Assumption Interpretivist, Post-positivist, More
subjective reality objective reality interpretivist
Data Collection Case studies, Survey, datasets, Art, films,
interviews, likert scales, shows, music,
observations, census pop culture,
FGDs religion
Data Analysis Coding themes, Means, Interpretation,
understanding percentages, reflection,
patterns, cross- analytical
interpreting tabulations, discourse
ideas correlations,
statistics
Sample Small, non- Large, Depends on
random representative research
question
Disciplines Anthropology, Economics, Literature, art
political science, psychology, studies,
communication public policy philosophy,
theology
 In one of your walks/travel, when was the last
time you pay attention?
 Pay Attention!
 Walk around the school.
◦ Write as many as you can “what catch your
attention”.
 It may be a person’s behavior, how something works
or how something was placed.
 ANYTHING that catches your attention.
◦ Write something about what catch your attention.
 It can be a question, statement or description.
01.23.2020
 With your group mates, share your
observations.
 Create a summary of your observation.
◦ Identify similarities and differences.
◦ Prepare a 1 – minute report of your summary.
“... It’s all about taking as much of what’s out
there as you can, and not letting the excuses
and the dreariness of some of the obligations
you’ll soon be incurring narrow your lives.
Attention is vitality. It connects you with
others. It makes you eager. Stay eager.”
– Susan Sontag
 Each group will be given a scenario to
analyze, predict, write and report the
scientific method of the given scenario to
their group.
01.27.2020
 Challenges:
◦ Relatively small amount of published materials on
certain specialized areas of knowledge
 Borrow scientific and theoretical concepts from foreign
researchers
◦ The lack of public data sources (specifically on
quantitative data)
 Public data sources could be very difficult to obtain.
◦ Complexities of issues
 Philippines realities have many layers and web. It is
difficult for a researcher to entangle those
complexities.
 One tool that can help in the “Challenges”.
 It is the study of social issues and realities
whose goal is to help understand, analyze,
solve, or improve the social reality.
 It is not motivated by a discipline or subject
area but motivated by the understanding of
an experience.
 Helpful for students who wants to focus on a
particular discipline but do not want to be
limited by a given perspective.
 Holistically studied.
 It focuses on a complex problem
◦ Big societal issue or particular puzzle
 It extends beyond a single discipline
◦ Acknowledges that relying on one discipline will not
give a complete picture
 It integrates insights from different
disciplines
◦ In order to produce deeper insights and a more
nuanced understanding
 The purpose of integration is pragmatic
◦ They serve as a practical function.
 Broad Interests (discipline,
subject, phenomenon,
events)

Narrow Interests (through

research in libraries, online
sources and conversations)

Realities (text, phenomenon,

period, organization, social
concern)

Research Question (focused,

have sources and possible
methods, significant)
 Write down three (3) topics / problems of
your interest that you think may be a problem
– focused research or an interdisciplinary
research.
◦ Interest: Mental Health
◦ Theme: Education and human development
◦ Reality: Rising cases of depression in Philippine
high schools.
 Collaborate with your group mates and come
up with a summary of four topics / problems
for your group.
◦ Interest: Mental Health
◦ Theme: Education and human development
◦ Reality: Rising cases of depression in Philippine
high schools.
 Search for relevant literature and studies for
your topics / problems. Minimum of five per
topic / problem.
01.30.2020
 Identity, diversity, and inclusions
◦ This theme involves how people create, foster, and
express identities. It may be about feminist issues,
LGBTQA+ topics, Filipino cultural heritage, religious
practices, minority representations and the like.

 Education and Human Development

◦ This theme revolves around growth of individual,
particularly children, adolescent, and students. It
includes mental health, learning and pedagogy,
spirituality, student activities, life long learning, and
so on.
 Sustainable and inclusive growth
◦ It tries to look at development from a more
environmentally viable way and/or with a greater social
justice orientation. It includes social involvement efforts,
environmental protection, social enterprises, scientific
applications, public health program, and so on.

 Media and Technologies

◦ It studies how innovative ways, gadgets, hardware, and
software are helping make human lives easier, faster and
better – possibly even worse. It includes social media,
disruptive technologies, innovative designs and so on.
 Leadership and systems
◦ It looks how organization start, change, and sustain
themselves, and the important role of system and
leadership. It usually includes case study of
enterprises, organizational transition, industry best
practices, and leadership profiles.

Disclaimer: This are just examples of themes that might spark

your interest in pursuing a study, you are not limited to these
themes.
 Examine the Literature

 Talk over ideas with others

 Relate the topic to a specific context

 Define the aim or desired outcome of the

study
There are many ways in pursuing a research
question:

◦ You may take an interesting concept and see if it

applies to the reality you are analyzing.

◦ Another way is to see how particular parts

interrelate and connect with each other.
◦ You may want to investigate an alternative
or a disagreement you may have with
previous reality.

◦ Factors that led to changes in society in

historical period or particular
phenomenon.

◦ Your research may also confirm what

others have already done and said.
 The principle that connects the
reason and claim is
WARRANTS!

… because of this … which is based

I claim that…
reason… on this evidence
CLAIM REASONS! EVIDENCES!

Acknowledging these questions, objections, and

alternatives, and responding to them with these
arguments

COUNTER ARGUMENT/S AND RESPONSES

 Feasibility of the Research Study
◦ Sufficient or availability of resources (time,
references materials)

◦ Access to the site and / or population of interest

◦ Ethical considerations

◦ Researcher’s knowledge and skills

 Strategies for access to a specific site or
strategies in identifying research participants

 Availability of relevant secondary sources

(documentaries, videos, photos etc.)

 Availability of people who can be participants

 Budget
 Read and evaluate relevant literatures and
studies

 Choose one topic that you will pursue as your

research project

 Formulate research question based on the

relevant literatures and studies

 Construct your research argument based on

the relevant literatures and studies
02.03.2020
 Background of the Study
◦ This section serves as an introduction to the study,
giving the readers a big picture understanding of
the topic at hand.

 Statement of the Problem

◦ This is usually a paragraph that encapsulates the
realities to be investigated, the variables to be
studied, and a summary of the methods to be
applied.
 Significance of the Problem
◦ It is a statement answering why this study needs to
be done, indicating the value to existing
knowledge, and identifying the stakeholders who
will benefit from this knowledge.
 Two way to talk about the significance of the study:
 Conceptual – its impact to knowledge, ideas and
understanding of different realities
 Practical – its contribution to the lives of specific group of
people, or a practical problem that needs to be solved.
 Scope and Limitation
◦ Provides the coverage of your study.
 Two Parts:
 Scope – indicates the total area of the study by
establishing the boundaries of your research through the
specifications of where and when the study was conducted
and who were part of it.
 Limitations – indicates the weaknesses or shortcomings of
your research because of factors that are outside your
control (administrative rules, limited datasets, lack of time
etc.)
 Create a draft of your research proposal:
◦ Background of the Study
◦ Statement of the Problem
◦ Significance of the Problem
◦ Scope and Limitations of the Study
 Prepare a 5-minute presentation of your
proposal
 Search for additional related literature (10)
and studies (10) of your chosen topic.
 The Art of Noticing: 131 Ways to Spark Creativity, Find
Inspiration and Discover Joy in the Everyday by Rob Walker,
(2019)

 Researching Philippine Realities A Guide to Qualitative,

Quantitative, and Humanities Research. – Quezon City: Ateneo
De Manila University Press, (2018)

 Practical Research 1 by Esther L. Baraceros, REX Publishing,

(2016)

 Practical Research 1 by Nelia G. Prieto, PhD; Victoria C. Naval,

DEM; Teresita G. Carey, D.A.L.L, Lori Mar Publishing(2017)

 From Practical Research to Research or Capstone Project by Carl

Johnson G. Anacin, Cleopas M. Basaen, Josephine S. Galanza,
Rolando A. Bernales, Mutya Publishing House (2018)